Manual Transmission/Transaxle: Description and Operation

1. Engine
2. Clutch
3. Transmission
4. Input shaft (main shaft)
5. Front differential
6. Front drive pinion (output shaft)
7. Hollow shaft
8. Torsen differential
9. Driveshaft
10. Rear drive pinion
11. Rear differential

Note: Arrows point in forward

I - 1st gear
II - 2nd gear
III - 3rd gear
IV - 4th gear
V - 5th gear
VI - 6th gear
R - Reverse gear
A1 - Front final drive
A2 - Rear final drive
T - Speedometer drive, electronic

Note: Arrows point in forward direction of travel.

Notes for performance test, brake test and tow starting/towing
Performance test on roller type test stand
The following must be noted when a vehicle with all wheel drive is to be driven onto a performance test stand:
^ A four wheel test stand with four braked rollers must be used.

Brake test on the roller type test stand
The following must be noted when a vehicle with all wheel drive is to be driven onto a roller type test stand:
^ A slow moving brake test stand (to 5,5 km/h) must be used. During this, no gear may be selected.

Tow starting and towing vehicles

Overall ratio "i," calculating
Transmission ratio
Transmission ratio = No. of teeth driven gear
No. of teeth drive gear

Ratios Formula
iG = gear ratio ZG2: ZG1
iA = axle ratio ZA2: ZA1
iov = overall ratio iG xiA

Example:
6th gear Final drive
Drive gear ZG1 = 38 ZA1 = 9
Driven gear ZG2 = 26 ZA2 = 37

Calculating:
iG = 26: 38 = 0.684
iA = 37:9=4.111
iov = (26 : 38) x (37 : 9) = 0.684 x 4.111 = 2.813