Triggering In the Event of Errors
Triggering in the Event of ErrorsIf a fault is detected in the seatbelt buckle detection system, it is assumed that the seatbelt is not fastened. The triggering threshold is lowered. In spite of the fault recognition, an attempt is made to activate the seatbelt lock tensioner.
If a fault is detected in the seat occupation detection system, it is assumed that the seat is occupied. The restraint systems are activated.
Triggering in the Event of a Crash
The following examples illustrate the actuators that can be activated:
^ Front-end crash
^ Side-on collision
^ Rear crash
^ Front-End Crash
In a front-end crash, a distinction is drawn between "light to medium severity collisions"(CS1/CS 2) and "severe collisions" (CS 3).
Crash Severity CS1
In a crash severity CS1 collision, (light collision), the seatbelt tensioners are triggered. The driver/front passenger's airbag are not deployed if the sensors indicate that the occupants are wearing their seat belts.
EKceptfon: If the occupants are not wearing seatbelts, the driver and passenger airbags are triggered.
Crash Severity CS2
As of crash severity CS 2, (medium-severity collision) the driver's/front passenger's airbags are deployed and the seatbelt tensioners are triggered.
The safety battery terminal is activated, the electric fuel pump is switched off, and an emergency call is placed if a correspondingly prepared telephone is present in the vehicle.
Crash Severity CS3
In a crash severity CS3 collision, (severe collision), the the driver's/front passenger's airbags are deployed and the seatbelt tensioners are triggered, but the time delay is different. Example of Airbag Deployment
The time transient for a front-end crash is graphed here. The seat-belt buckle switch and the seat occupancy detector provide the information indicating that the passenger seat is occupied.
The collision occurs at tO. The mechanical lock of the seat belt prevents it unreeling. The sensors detect the deceleration forces. At t1 the actuators are triggered by the satellites.(trigger phase). The pyrotechnical actuators are triggered. The driver and passenger belt tensioners are triggered, as is the first stage of the driver's-side and passenger-side airbags.
In a crash of severity 2 or higher, the safety battery terminal is triggered at the same time, in order to prevent the battery cable from causing a short-circuit in the engine compartment.
This is followed by the deployment phase, i. e. the in flowing gas inflates the airbags. In the seat belt tensioner, the plunger is displaced by the gas in the tensioning tube. The cable connected to the plunger pulls the seatbelt buckle downward and takes up the slack in the seat belt.
At t2 the process for the seat belt tensioners is completed and restraint by the seat belt has commenced. Gas is still inflating the two airbags.
The restraint phase starts for the driver at t4. Both stages of the two stage airbags can be triggered at as early a juncture as t2, depending on the severity of the crash. The delay between triggering of the two stages renders the airbags less likely to cause injury to the occupants.
The recoil movement of the occupants starts at time t8. The forward movement of the occupants ceases and they drop back into their seats.
Side-on Collision
In the event of a side-on collision, a crash severity distinction is made between light and medium-severity collisions.
If the crash severity is CS 1 (light collision) or worse, the AITS 11 head protection system and the side airbag on the impact side are deployed. In the event of crash severity CS 2 (medium-severity collision), the safety battery terminal is also triggered, the electric fuel pump is switched off, and an emergency call is placed if a correspondingly prepared telephone is present in the vehicle.
Rear Crash
As of crash severity CS 1, (light collision) the active headrests (if fitted) and the seatbelt tensioners are triggered. In the event of crash severity CS 2 (medium-severity collision), the safety battery terminal is also triggered, the electric fuel pump is switched off, and an emergency call is placed if a correspondingly prepared telephone is present in the vehicle.Emergency Call, US
The E60 US offers the customer as standard a number of emergency call functions as well as a breakdown call. The emergency call functions available include the manual emergency call as well as the automatic emergency call in the event of a crash.
Even if no telephone has been ordered, every vehicle has a Telematic Control Unit TCU, a telephone aerial, a hands-free unit as well as a GPS aerial for localization.
Manual Emergency Call
The emergency call switch (4) is connected directly to the telephone. Pressing the emergency call switch sets up a voice connection with the provider "Cross Country." The voice connection is indicated by a flashing LED in the switch.
Automatic Emergency Call
In the event of a crash with corresponding crash severity, the SIM transmits a crash telegram to the TCU (via the K bus). The Global Positioning System informs the TCU of the location of the vehicle. The TCU places an emergency call, which at the same time contains the location of the vehicle.
A voice connection is set up with the provider "Cross Country" to obtain more information the accident (severity of the accident, number of injured) so that rescue operations can be initiated.
Breakdown Call
The Breakdown call button is in the Central Information Display. Selection can be activated by means of the controller. If the breakdown call button is activated, a connection to the BMW Emergency Service of the relevant country is set up.
Airbag Indicator Lamp
The airbag illuminated indicator (3) is set in the front overhead console near the interior lights. The airbag illuminated indicator lights up if the front airbags on the passenger side have been deactivated. The emergency call switch and the two hands-free microphones are beside the airbag illuminated indicator in the overhead console.
Passive Knee Protection
The E60 US has plastic absorbers on the driver's side and passenger side. In the event of a crash, the passive knee protectors restrain the lower legs, especially if the driver or passenger are not wearing seat belts. This initiates a controlled forward shift of the upper body,which is cushioned by the relevant airbag.
Service Information
The following must be observed by Service:
^ Safety and Gateway Module diagnosis
^ Passenger airbag module
^ Battery cable diagnosis
^ Safety battery terminal
^ Door module, driver's door/passenger door
^ Up-front sensors
Safety and Gateway Module Diagnosis
As far as diagnosis is concerned, note that two control-unit functions (ZGM, SIM) are addressed, despite the fact that they share a common housing. Each function has its own microprocessor and its own diagnosis address.
Passenger Airbag Module
If the passenger airbag module is triggered, the supporting tube has to be checked. The forces to which it is exposed are high, and the possibility of the supporting tube deforming cannot be excluded. Consequently, the supporting tube has to be checked and, if necessary, replaced.
Battery Cable Diagnosis
If the shielding of the battery cable is damaged, the battery cable must be replaced completely. It is not permitted to repair the shielding.
Safety Battery Terminal
If the safety battery terminal is triggered, the battery cable has to be replaced all the way back to the main adapter point in the luggage compartment. Repair is not intended.
Door Module, Driver's Door/Passenger Door
When removing the door module, it is essential to ensure that the two inner screws (2) of the door module are not removed. These screws hold the housing of the door module together and ensure that the pressure sensor is sealed. If the screws are slackened there is a possibility that the pressure sensor will no longer operate correctly.
Up-Front Sensors
In the event of a crash that triggers the airbags, the up-front sensors have to be replaced.The sensors might be damaged internally, even though no external damage is perceptible.Always comply with the instructions in the repair manual when replacing the up-front sensors.
Synchronization of New Modules
When new satellite modules are fitted, these modules have no system time. Transmission of the two system time telegrams allows the module to adapt the system time. This is only possible when the stored system time in the satellite modules is smaller than the time sent.
If the system time in a module is greater than the time sent, (Ex. trying a part from another vehicle), the system time is not adopted and an entry is made into fault memory.
When the SIM or any satellite is replaced, the system time must be entered. As the system time is available in all ASE modules, it can be transferred into the new module.
This takes place via the Diagnosis Program (Service Functions). To do so, the DISplus /GT1,requests the system time from all satellites and selects the largest.
The DISplus/GT1 add an amount to this time and transmits the result into the new module as the system time. The correction amount compensates for the run time between reading from the satellites and entry into the new module.
This prevents fault messages from the satellites because the system time transferred by the ew module is smaller than that stored in the satellites.