2. Measuring Options Using the BMW Kinematic Diagnosis System

2. Measuring options using the BMW Kinematic Diagnosis System

2.1 Front axle
- Toe-in (single and total toe-in in relation to the geometrical drive axis)
- Camber (with steering wheel pointing straight ahead)
- Wheel displacement (in relation to the left-hand front wheel)
- Castor, kingpin inclination and toe-differential angle

2.2 Rear axle
- Toe-in (single and total toe-in in relation to the longitudinal centre plane of the vehicle --> previously called symmetrical axis)
- Geometrical drive axis
- Camber

2.3 Other measuring options
- Rear wheel displacement
- Wheelbase difference
- Lateral displacement on right
- Lateral displacement on left
- Track difference
- Axial displacement