Part 2

32 01 99 (503) Kinematic Diagnosis System and environment (Continued)

5.6 Wheel displacement angle





- The wheel displacement angle is the angular deviation of the connecting line of the wheel contact points in relation to a line running at 90° to the geometrical drive axis. The wheel displacement angle is positive if the right-hand wheel is displaced to the front, and is negative if it is displaced to the rear.

5.7 Kingpin offset





- The kingpin offset is the distance from the center of the wheel contact point to the contact point of the kingpin extrapolation.

6. Wheel suspension
Those parts which connect the wheel to the mostly load-bearing floor elements of the bodywork and guide it in the required direction belong to the wheel suspension. They are connected by axles or other comparable structures and guided by the arms. The wheel suspension plays a decisive role in the handling characteristics of a vehicle. Two main groups have to be distinguished: 1. Rigid axle suspension and 2. Independent wheel suspension.

6.1 Rigid axle suspension





6.2 Independent wheel suspension





7. Wheel alignment / procedure

7.1 Measuring options
An overview of all measuring options and values (VA = front axle, HA = rear axle) is shown below.





7.2 Preparatory work
Before commencing the measurement, preparatory work must be carried out at the measuring area and on the vehicle (see BMW KDS operating instructions). Preparatory work includes:
- Easy-running rotating and sliding plates
- Aligning the rotating and sliding plates in relation to the track width and wheelbase
- Centering the vehicle on the plates
- Applying the parking brake
- Removing the lock pins on the plates to prevent tension in the chassis under loading
- Checking the rim and tire size, tread depth, tire pressure, steering wheel play, wheel bearings and condition of suspension and shock absorbers
- Fastening the measuring equipment to the wheels
- Loading the vehicle according to BMW KDS specifications
- Rock the vehicle firmly with the brakes released to ensure a stable center position
- Lock the service brake using the brake clamping device

7.3 Initial / final measurement
This measurement can be carried out as a program-guided measurement in the same way as any subsequent adjusting work and the final measurement. The sequence of the chassis measuring points to be called up is specified and controlled by the system software. The individual steps comprise:
- Driving straight ahead to correctly record the wheel toe and camber values for the rear axle
- Steering routine for recording the castor, kingpin inclination and toe-differential angle
- Recording the wheel toe and camber of the front axle (adjust the steering center point in advance)
- Steering routine for measuring the maximum steering angle on the left/right
- Checking the overview of measured values with the setpoint and actual comparison of all measured values

7.4 Printing out the data





The report printout from the integrated DIN A4 printer is subdivided into three sections:
- Header lines with customer and vehicle identification data --> the customer data entered before beginning the measurement as well as vehicle data are printed out here.
- Center section with vehicle data --> this includes the make, type, model and vehicle model year defined when the setpoint data record was selected. The values previously measured for height level, tire pressure and tread depth are also printed in this section.
- The end section with all vehicle alignment values comprises the 3 columns initial measurement, setpoint values and output measurement. The measured values are recorded separately in these three columns.

8. Special features

8.1 Free wheel alignment
With free wheel alignment the selection and sequence of the measuring points is freely selectable. The following points must be observed for attaining the correct measurement results:
- Carry out all work in the same way as with the program-guided measurement.
- Before measuring the wheel toe and camber values for the rear axle, the steering must be in the "straight ahead" position to ensure that it is perfectly aligned in relation to the longitudinal center plane of the vehicle.
- Before measuring the single wheel toe values on the front axle, the center of steering must be established to ensure the correct position of the steering wheel.

8.2 System settings
The following settings must only be entered or set once: language, display format, date/time, advertising text, remote control with display, rotating plate selection and printer settings. They remain stored.

9. BMW Kinematic Diagnosis System comparison (Bosch - Beissbarth)





10. Control modification (menu)

10.1 Remote control with display
The following steps show how the remote control with display is activated:
1. Call up the "Service" menu in special functions ("S" key)
2. Call up the "Remote control" sub-menu in the "Service" menu.
3. Select the "Remote control with display" item in the "Remote control" sub-menu - this configuration is retained.

Important:
In the case of equipment without remote control, this must be configured to "No remote control".

10.2 Brief operating instructions
1. Activate the remote control with the "ON" button (it may also be switched on during alignment). The title page will appear on the LCD.
2. Select "Straight ahead" of the "Initial measurement", "Adjustment work" or "Final measurement" at the measuring equipment cabinet. The steering graphics for "Straight ahead" will appear on the LCD.
3. Use the "Forward arrow" to change to the next measurement image. Display blocks will appear on the LCD with the designation of the measured value and tolerance bar with the measured value. If the measured value is within the tolerance range, it is shown in dark figures against a light background. If the measured value is outside the tolerance range, it will be shown in inverse video (light figures against a dark background).
4. By pressing the "F" key shortly, you can move alternately between the designation of the measured value and the setpoint value with the tolerance inside the display blocks.
5. You can scroll through the measured values using the "Forward arrow", "Backward arrow" and "Cancel" (red dot) keys. The function of these keys is identical to that of the keys on the graphics panel.
6. Even with "Free alignment", it is possible to scroll through the measured values in the same way as with "Program-guided alignment".
7. During measurement, the report print-out can be initiated using the "Printer" key. The remote control keys are only active during measurement and adjustment (not during customer data input, vehicle selection etc.).

10.3 Display support
- Measured values with a setpoint/actual comparison and tolerance bar (setpoint figures can be displayed with the "F" key)
- Steering graphics for steering routines
- Overview of measured values with current setpoint/actual comparison
- Rim run-out compensation
- With all other functions (e.g. customer input), the title illustration appears on the LCD display

Note:
If the data transmission from the remote control to the computer is interrupted, the remote control icon in the bottom right-hand corner of the screen changes colour from green to red and the illustration on the LCD display is shown inversely - black turns to white, white to black. This change does not take place in the title illustration. Once the line-of-sight connection has been re-established, the remote control continues to operate from the point of interruption in the program. A continuous visual connection during alignment is therefore not necessary.

- The "Hour glass" icon in the LCD display means: "Please wait".
- The "Battery" icon in the top right-hand corner of the LCD display means that the battery reserve has been reached.
- To switch off the remote control: press the "F" key for 5 seconds, then return it to its charging unit or connect it to a charge cable. The title illustration will again appear as a charging check.
- If, during the measurement, the remote control has been placed back in the charging unit, it must be switched on again using the "ON" button.

11. Updating the software / setpoint data
Floppy disks will no longer be sent to BMW partners who have acquired a "BMW KDS (Beissbarth / Bosch)". For cost-related reasons, you can create these disks yourself on the "DIS-tester" or on the "TIS/EPC server". The data for this is regularly updated on the TIS CD.

11.1 Requirements
- BMW KDS (Beissbarth / Bosch)
- TIS CD program status (Beissbarth): from CD 12/95
- EPC program status: from 12/95
- TIS CD program status (Bosch): from CD 08/97
- DIS program status: from V6.0
- 3.5" diskettes, 1.44 MB (Beissbarth 5 diskettes / Bosch 1 diskette)

11.2 Procedure (Beissbarth)
1. Go to the "Administration" screen
2. Select the KDS button
3. Select Beissbarth
4. Insert "Diskette 1" on request and confirm with "OK" (program diskette 1 of 2 is created, label it)
5. Insert "Diskette 2" on request and confirm with "OK" (program diskette 2 of 2 is created, label it)
6. Insert "Diskette 3" on request and confirm with "OK" (setpoint data diskette 1 of 3 is created, label it)
7. Insert "Diskette 4" on request and confirm with "OK" (setpoint data diskette 2 of 3 is created, label it)
8. Insert "Diskette 5" on request and confirm with "OK" (setpoint data diskette 3 of 3 is created, label it)
9. Perform update and/or setpoint data on the KDS in the usual manner with the diskettes which have just been created.

11.3 Procedure (Bosch)
1. Go to the "Administration" screen
2. Select the KDS button
3. Select Bosch
4. Label "Diskette 3.1", insert it into the drive on request and confirm with "OK" (2x) --> Setpoint data is copied to the diskettes.
5. Insert setpoint data diskette 3.1 into the 3.1 floppy disk drive, insert operating system diskette 3.0 into the 3.0 drive.
6. Switch on the machine in the usual manner.

Important:
When creating the KDS diskettes, all data on the diskettes used is overwritten.

Note:
In the event of an error, a corresponding message is shown and the program is cancelled completely. The procedure must be run from the beginning again and all data on the diskette will be deleted. A new diskette may have to be used.

12. Creating, copying and editing setpoint data

12.1 Copying
- Press the "C" button and select the vehicle to be copied.
- Select the "Edit setpoint data" menu item from the special functions. Create a new vehicle in the usual manner. The setpoint values for the last vehicle selected will appear in the data input screen. Enter the data and save the data record.

12.2 Creating
- Press the "C" button and select the "Edit setpoint data" menu item from the special functions.
Create a new vehicle in the usual manner. An empty data input screen will appear. Enter the data and save the data record.

12.3 Editing
- Factory-programmed setpoint data can neither be deleted nor modified. If this data does need to be modified, a new vehicle with modified setpoint data must be created. New vehicles created by the user are identified by a "+" in the selection menu. These vehicles can be deleted by the user using the "-" key or modified using the "less than or greater than" key. These keys only appear if vehicles have been entered by the user.

13. Special functions

13.1 Customer-specific printer report header
The sub-item "Customer-specific text" must be called up in the "Special functions" menu. An input screen will appear on the monitor. This input screen must be filled out with the name and address and stored with the "S" screen key. The text entered is inserted into the report header.

13.2 Adjusting options
- Call up the "Service" menu in the special functions ("S" key).
- Select the "Wheel toe adjustment" item or the "Camber adjustment" item from the "Adjustment" sub-menu. The toe and camber adjustment program will guide the user step by step through the adjustment using text and images. The measuring deviation for each measuring sensor will be shown on the screen when the adjustment has been completed.
- You can store the adjustment values in the measuring sensor using the "Store" key or you can quit the program with the "Red dot key" without saving them (check). The adjustment values can be printed out.

13.3 Rotating plate test
- Call up the "Service" menu in the special functions ("S" key).
- Call up the "Rotating plate" item in the "Service" menu. Turn the left-hand and right-hand rotating plate and check the display on the screen. Important: The measuring range is ± 306 degrees.

13.4 Viewing and deleting customer entries from database
- Call up the menu item "Delete" in the "Database" menu in the special functions. The data input screen will appear. Fill in the search fields with the data to be deleted.
- Use the "-" button to delete this data record. A new data record can then be highlighted and deleted with the digital pen.
- You can scroll through the entire database with the "Arrow up" and "Arrow down" keys.
- You can quit the delete function by pressing the cancel key (red dot).

14. Modifications within program
Further modifications were carried out within the program which only slightly change the program sequence but which optimize the alignment in respect of comfort and speed. This is described below:
- Optimization of the rim run-out compensation in respect of speed.
- Optimization of the steering routines: Highlighted values within the gate can still be corrected.
The message "Rotating plates not connected" no longer causes the steering routine to be cancelled. Further measurements can be carried out after the rotating plates have been connected.
- Standardization of screen colors with the colors on the tablet.
- Addition of texts in several foreign languages.
- Elimination of program-related and cosmetic faults.
- Electronic water level.
- Omission of kingpin inclination measurement.

15. Faults

15.1 Tire faults

Fault
1 Wheel toe, camber, toe-differential angle and castor not correct
2 Excessive toe-in and excessive positive camber
3 Excessive negative camber
4 Worn front-axle suspension on front-wheel-drive vehicles
5 Incorrect wheel alignment
6 Play in the suspension due to mechanical parts (suspension, steering)
7 Tire pressure too low

Effect
1 Severe tire squeaking even at relatively low speeds
2 Tires are worn down on one outside edge in the longitudinal direction
3 Tire wear on inside edge
4 Increased noise / Vehicle pulls on one side when accelerating
5 Wheels scrubbing / Tire surface shows feathering in the tread
6 Washout / Wobbling of front wheels
7 Outside tire surface wear

15.2 Front axle faults








15.3 Rear axle faults








Further details on the "Kinematic Diagnosis System" can be found in the operating instructions for the BMW KDS (Beissbarth / Bosch).

Functional and system descriptions are not subject to change. Parts availability and immediate ordering availability cannot be derived from this information. The specialist departments will be providing further details at the relevant time.