Data Link Connector (DLC)

The Data Link Connector (DLC) allows a scan tool to communicate with the Class 2 serial data line. The serial data line is the means by which the microprocessor-controlled modules in the vehicle communicate with each other. Once the scan tool is connected to the Class 2 serial data line through the DLC, the scan tool can be used to monitor each module for diagnostic purposes and to check for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs). Class 2 serial data is transmitted on a single wire at an average of 10.4 Kbps (10,400 bits per second). This value is an average; Class 2 uses a variable pulse width modulation to carry data and, depending on the message, it may operate faster or slower. The bus is active at 7.0 volts nominal and inactive at ground potential. When the ignition switch is in RUN, each module communicating on the Class 2 serial data circuit sends a State of Health (SOH) message every two seconds to ensure that the module is operating properly. When a module stops communicating on the Class 2 serial data line, for example if the module loses power or ground, the SOH message it normally sends on the data line every two seconds disappears. Other modules on the Class 2 serial data line, which expect to receive that SOH message, detect its absence; those modules in turn set an internal DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) associated with the loss of SOH of the non-communicating module. The DTC is unique to the module which is not communicating. For example, when the Dash Integration Module (DIM) SOH message stops communicating, several modules set the DTC U1064. Note that a Loss of Serial Data DTCs does not normally represent a failure of the module that set it. A technician should use this technique to quickly identify which module is not functioning on the Class 2 Serial Data Line.

The DLC is a standardized 16-way connector located below the instrument panel and close to the steering column. Both the connector design and location are dictated by industry wide agreements.

All DLCs are required to provide a power supply, hot at all times, to pin 16. This circuit is used to power the scan tool. All DLCs supply a power ground at pin 4 and a clean signal ground at pin 5.

The Class 2 serial data circuit is provided at pin 2 of the DLC.
The Class 2 serial data circuit is wired to the DLC at terminal 2.