Operation

OPERATION

CASTER






Caster is the forward or rearward tilt of the steering knuckle from vertical. Tilting the top of the knuckle rearward provides positive caster. Tilting the top of the knuckle forward provides negative caster. Caster is a directional stability angle. This angle enables the front wheels to return to a straight ahead position after turns. (2) Indicates the spring location. (1) Is the eccentric repair bolt for adjusting caster.

- +3 mm Range of adjustment ±25' Caster.

CAMBER






Camber is the inward or outward tilt of the wheel relative to the center of the vehicle. Tilting the top of the wheel inward provides negative camber (NEG.). Tilting the top of the wheel outward provides positive camber (POS.). Incorrect camber will cause wear on the inside or outside edge of the tire. (1) Indicates the spring location. (2) Is the eccentric repair bolt for adjusting camber.

- +3 mm Range of adjustment ±25' Camber.

WHEEL TOE POSITION






Toe is the difference between the leading inside edges (1) and the trailing inside edges (2) of the front tires. Incorrect wheel toe position is the most common cause of unstable steering and uneven tire wear. The wheel toe position is the final front wheel alignment adjustment.

- Negative Toe (Toe Out): 1 is greater than 2.
- Positive Toe (Toe In): 1 is greater than 2.

TOE-OUT ON TURNS






Toe-out on turns is the relative positioning (1) of the front wheels while steering through a turn. This compensates for each front wheel's turning radius. As the vehicle encounters a turn, the outboard wheel must travel in a larger radius circle than the inboard wheel. The steering system is designed to make each wheel follow its particular radius circle. To accomplish this, the front wheels must progressively toe outward as the steering is turned from center. This eliminates tire scrubbing and undue tire wear when steering a vehicle through a turn.


STEERING AXIS INCLINATION ANGLE


Is measured in degrees and is the angle that the steering knuckles are tilted. The inclination angle has a fixed relationship with the camber angle. It will not change except when a spindle or ball stud is damaged or bent. The angle is not adjustable, damaged component(s) must be replaced to correct the steering axis inclination angle.