Engine: Description and Operation

The engine incorporates the following features:
^ a closed Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) system.
^ an exhaust emission control system.
^ an evaporative emission control system.

Some engines incorporate a fail-safe cooling system.

The engine, fuel system, ignition system, emissions system and exhaust system all affect exhaust emission levels and must be maintained according to the maintenance schedule.

Correct engine identification is required to order parts.

The concept of modularity allows engine designs to share concepts and hardware. The following illustration represents the basic cross sectional view of a modular V10 engine. The four modules are:
^ intake module
^ cylinder head module (RH)
^ cylinder head module (LH)
^ lower engine module

Due to the modular design, most out-of-vehicle repairs benefit in reduction of time and labor needed to repair the engine.

Bi-fuel vehicles differ from gasoline vehicles through the addition of hardened valves and valve seats.

The basic engine components consist of:
^ single overhead camshafts
^ two valves per cylinder
^ balance shaft
^ Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection (SFI)
^ aluminum cylinder heads
^ cast-iron, 90 degree V-cylinder block
^ individual ignition coils for each spark plug
^ two-piece intake manifold system
^ composite-material lower intake manifold
^ large-bore throttle body