Torque Converter

Torque Converter

The torque converter is a 4-element unit containing a 3-plate clutch. The clutch can be controlled and engaged in any gear 2 to 6. Calibration parameters may be set to allow lockup in a higher gear only. The clutch is applied by removing fluid pressure from one side of the plate. The torque converter transmits and multiplies torque. The torque converter includes the following 4 elements:

- Impeller assembly
- Turbine assembly
- Reactor assembly
- Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)

Rotation of the torque converter housing and impeller set the transmission fluid in motion by driving the impeller blades and pump.

The turbine is driven by the transmission fluid from the impeller and transmits power to the input shaft.

The reactor redirects transmission fluid flow returned from the turbine to the impeller so that it rotates in the same direction as the impeller. This action assists in torque multiplication.

The reactor has a One-Way Clutch (OWC) to hold it stationary during torque multiplication and allows it to rotate at higher vehicle speeds.

Torque Converter Operation










Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)

The TCC has a cover assembly with a 3-plate clutch and a turbine and damper assembly that connects to the transmission input shaft.

The TCC connects the cover to the turbine when the TCC is applied.

During TCC release, transmission fluid flows through the torque converter in one direction to release the 3-plate clutch.

During TCC apply, transmission fluid flows through the torque converter in the opposite direction to apply the 3-plate clutch.

The TCC operates in 3 stages:

- Full release
- Controlled modulation
- Full apply

The Transmission Control Module (TCM) controls TCC operation using the TCC solenoid. TCC solenoid operation provides the modulation of hydraulic pressure to change the position of the bypass clutch control regulator valve. The valve changes the pressure and direction of transmission fluid flow in the torque converter. The TCC may be applied in forward gears, 2 to 6.

Torque Converter Exploded View