Heating and Air Conditioning: Description and Operation

A manually controlled single zone type heating-air conditioning system or a manually controlled heater-only system is available on this model (depending on market).

To maintain the performance level of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the engine cooling system must be properly maintained. The use of a bug screen is not recommended. Any obstructions in front of the radiator or A/C condenser will reduce the performance of the A/C and engine cooling systems.

The engine cooling system includes the radiator, thermostat, radiator hoses and the engine coolant pump. Refer to Cooling for more information before opening or attempting any service to the engine cooling system.

HVAC Housing - Typical:

All vehicles are equipped with a common heater, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) housing. The system combines air conditioning, heating, and ventilating capabilities in a single unit mounted within the passenger compartment under the instrument panel. The HVAC housing includes:
- Blower motor
- Blower motor resistor
- Recirculation door and actuator
- Heater core
- A/C evaporator (A/C system only)
- Blend door and actuator
- Floor/defrost and panel/demister doors and actuators

On heater-only systems, the A/C evaporator is omitted from the housing.

Based upon the system and mode selected, conditioned air can exit the heater-only or heater-A/C system housing through one or a combination of the three main housing outlets: defrost, panel or floor. The defrost outlet is located on the top of the housing, the panel outlet is located on the face of the housing and the floor outlet is located on the bottom of the housing. Once the conditioned air exits the unit housing, it is further directed through molded plastic ducts to the various outlets in the vehicle interior. These outlets and their locations are as follows:
- Defroster Outlet - Dual defroster outlets are located in the center of the instrument panel top cover, near the base of the windshield.
- Side Window Demister Outlets - There are two side window demister outlets, one is located at each outboard end of the instrument panel top cover, near the belt line at the A-pillars.
- Panel Outlets - There are four panel outlets in the instrument panel, one located near each outboard end of the instrument panel facing the rear of the vehicle and two located near the top of the instrument panel center bezel.
- Front Floor Outlets - There are two front floor outlets, one located above each side of the center of the floor panel near the dash panel.
- Rear Floor Outlets - There are four rear floor outlets, two located on each side of the floor console near the rear of each front seat.

Typical Blend-Air HVAC System:

Both the single zone manual temperature control (MTC) heating-A/C system and the heater-only system are blend-air type systems. In a blend-air heating-A/C system, a blend-air door controls the amount of conditioned air that is allowed to flow through, or around, the heater core. The temperature control determines the discharge air temperature by operating the blend door actuator, which move the blend-air door. This design allows almost immediate control of output air temperatures.

The heating and A/C systems pulls outside (ambient) air through the cowl opening at the base of the windshield, then into the air inlet housing above the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) housing. On models equipped with A/C, the air passes through the A/C evaporator. Air flow can be directed either through or around the heater core. This is done by adjusting the blend door with the temperature control knob on the A/C-heater control in the instrument panel. The air flow can then be directed from the panel, floor and defrost outlets in various combinations using the mode control located on the A/C-heater control. Air flow velocity can be adjusted with the blower fan speed control located on the A/C-heater control.

On all models, the outside air intake can be shut off by selecting the Recirculation Mode. This will operate a vacuum actuated recirculating-air door that closes off the fresh air intake and recirculates the air that is already inside the vehicle.

The A/C compressor can be engaged by turning the mode control clockwise from the Off position. It can also be engaged by placing the mode control in the mix to defrost positions. This will remove heat and humidity from the air before it is directed through or around the heater core. The mode control on the A/C-heater control is used to also direct the conditioned air to the selected system outlets. The mode control uses engine vacuum to control the mode-air doors.

The defroster outlet receives airflow from the HVAC housing through the molded plastic defroster duct, which is connected to the HVAC housing defroster outlet. The airflow from the defroster outlet is directed by fixed vanes in the defroster outlet grille and cannot be adjusted.

The side window demister outlets receive airflow from the HVAC housing through the molded plastic defroster duct and molded plastic demister ducts. The airflow from the side window demister outlets is directed by fixed vanes in the demister outlet grilles and cannot be adjusted. The demisters direct air from the HVAC housing through the outlets located on the top corners of the instrument panel. The demisters operate when the mode control is positioned in the floor-defrost and defrost-only settings. Some air may be noticeable from the demister outlets when the mode control is in the bi-level to floor positions.

The panel outlets receive airflow from the HVAC housing through a molded plastic main panel duct, center panel duct and two end panel ducts. The two end panel ducts direct airflow to the left and right instrument panel outlets, while the center panel duct directs airflow to the two center panel outlets. Each of these outlets can be individually adjusted to direct the flow of air.

The floor outlets receive airflow from the HVAC housing through the floor distribution duct. The front floor outlets are integral to the molded plastic floor distribution duct, which is secured to the bottom of the HVAC housing. The floor outlets cannot be adjusted.

NOTE: It is important to keep the air intake opening clear of debris. Leaf particles and other debris that is small enough to pass through the cowl opening screen can accumulate within the HVAC housing. The closed, warm, damp and dark environment created within the housing is ideal for the growth of certain molds, mildews and other fungi. Any accumulation of decaying plant matter provides an additional food source for fungal spores, which enter the housing with the fresh intake-air. Excess debris, as well as objectionable odors created by decaying plant matter and growing fungi can be discharged into the passenger compartment during heater-A/C operation if the air intake opening is not kept clear of debris.

The A/C system on models so equipped is designed for the use of non-CFC, R-134a refrigerant and uses an A/C fixed orifice tube located in the liquid line to meter the flow of refrigerant to the A/C evaporator. The A/C evaporator cools and dehumidifies the incoming air prior to blending it with the heated air. To maintain minimum evaporator temperature and prevent evaporator freezing, the A/C clutch is cycled on and off by the A/C low pressure switch mounted on the accumulator.