Repair Procedures
Disassembly
CAUTION:
- Use fender covers to avoid damaging painted surfaces.
- To avoid damage, unplug the wiring connectors carefully while holding the connector portion.
NOTE:
- Mark all wiring and hoses to avoid misconnection.
- Turn the crankshaft pulley so that the No.1 piston is at top dead center.
- Engine removal is required for this procedure.
1. Remove the engine assembly from the vehicle.
2. Attach the engine to an engine stand for disassembly.
3. Remove the intake manifold and exhaust manifold.
4. Remove the timing chain.
5. Remove the cylinder head assembly.
6. Remove the drive plate (AT only) or fly wheel (MT only).
7. Remove the oil pump.
8. Remove the A/C compressor.
9. Remove the alternator (A).
10. Remove the power steering pump and the bracket.
11. Remove the water pump (A) and the water pump gasket.
12. Remove the tensioner assembly integrated bracket (A).
13. Remove the oil dip stick (A).
14. Remove the knock sensor (A).
15. Remove the oil pressure sensor (A).
16. Remove the CKP sensor (A) and sensor cover.
17. Remove the ladder frame (A).
18. Check the connecting rod end play.
19. Remove the connecting rod caps and check oil clearance.
20. Remove piston and connecting rod assemblies.
(1) Using a ridge reamer, remove all the carbon from the top of the cylinder.
(2) Push the piston, connecting rod assembly and upper bearing through the top of the cylinder block.
NOTE:
- Keep the bearings, connecting rod and cap together.
- Arrange the piston and connecting rod assemblies in the correct order.
21. Remove crankshaft bearing cap and check oil clearance.
22. Check the crankshaft end play.
23. Lift the crankshaft (A) out of the engine, being careful not to damage journals.
NOTE:
Arrange the main bearings and thrust bearings in the correct order.
24. Check fit between piston and piston pin.
Try to move the piston back and forth on the piston pin. If any movement is felt, replace the piston and pin as a set.
25. Remove piston rings.
(1) Using a piston ring expander, remove the 2 compression rings.
(2) Remove 2 side rails and the spacer by hand.
NOTE:
Arrange the piston rings in the correct order only.
26. Disconnect connecting rod from piston.
Inspection
Connecting Rod And Crankshaft
1. Check the connecting rod end play.
Using a feeler gauge, measure the end play while moving the connecting rod back and forth.
Standard end play :0.1 - 0.25mm(0.004 - 0.010in.)
Maximum end play :0.35mm(0.0138in.)
A. If out-of-tolerance, install a new connecting rod.
B. If still out-of-tolerance, replace the crankshaft.
2. Check the connecting road bearing oil clearance.
(1) Check the matchmarks on the connecting rod and cap are aligned to ensure correct reassembly.
(2) Remove 2 connecting rod cap bolts.
(3) Remove the connecting rod cap and bearing half.
(4) Clean the crank pin and bearing.
(5) Place plastigage across the crank pin.
(6) Reinstall the bearing half and cap, and torque the bolts.
Tightening torque
17.7 - 21.6Nm (1.8 - 2.2kgf.m, 13.0 - 15.9lb-ft) + 88 - 92°
NOTE:
Do not turn the crankshaft.
(7) Remove 2 bolts, connecting rod cap and bearing half.
(8) Measure the plastigage at its widest point.
Standard oil clearance
0.031 - 0.045mm (0.0012 - 0.0017in.)
(9) If the plastigage measures too wide or too narrow, remove the upper half of the bearing, install a new, complete bearing with the same color mark (select the color as shown in the next column), and recheck the clearance.
CAUTION:
Do not file, shim, or scrape the bearings or the caps to adjust clearance.
(10) If the plastigage shows the clearance is still incorrect, try the next larger or smaller bearing (the color listed above or below that one), and check clearance again.
NOTE:
If the proper clearance cannot be obtained by using the appropriate larger or smaller bearings, replace the crankshaft and start over.
CAUTION:
If the marks are indecipherable because of an accumulation of dirt and dust, do not scrub them with a wire brush or scraper. Clean them only with solvent or detergent.
Connecting Rod Mark Location
Discrimination Of Connecting Rod
Crankshaft Pin Mark Location Discrimination Of Crankshaft
NOTE:
Conform to read stamping order as shown arrow direction from #1.
Discrimination Of Crankshaft
Place Of Identification Mark (Connecting Rod Bearing) Discrimination Of Connecting Rod Bearing
Discrimination Of Connecting Rod Bearing
(11) Selection
3. Check the crankshaft bearing oil clearance.
(1) To check main bearing-to-journal oil clearance, remove the main caps and bearing halves.
(2) Clean each main journal and bearing half with a clean shop tower.
(3) Place one strip of plastigage across each main journal.
(4) Reinstall the bearings and caps, then torque the bolts.
Tightening torque
14.7Nm (1.5kgf.m, 10.8lb-ft) + 27.5 - 31.4Nm (2.8 - 3.2kgf.m, 20.3 - 23.1lb-ft) + 120 - 125°
NOTE:
Do not turn the crankshaft.
(5) Remove the cap and bearing again, and measure the widest part of the plastigage.
Standard oil clearance
0.020 - 0.038mm (0.0008 - 0.0015in.)
(6) If the plastigage measures too wide or too narrow, remove the upper half of the bearing, install a new, complete bearing with the same color mark (select the color as shown in the next column), and recheck the clearance.
CAUTION:
Do not file, shim, or scrape the bearings or the caps to adjust clearance.
(7) If the plastigage shows the clearance is still incorrect, try the next larger or smaller bearing (the color listed above or below that one), and check clearance again.
NOTE:
If the proper clearance cannot be obtained by using the appropriate larger or smaller bearings, replace the crankshaft and start over.
CAUTION:
If the marks are indecipherable because of an accumulation of dirt and dust, do not scrub them with a wire brush or scraper. Clean them only with solvent or detergent.
Connecting Rods
1. When reinstalling, make sure that cylinder numbers put on the connecting rod and cap at disassembly match. When a new connecting rod is installed, make sure that the notches for holding the bearing in place are on the same side.
2. Replace the connecting rod if it is damaged on the thrust faces at either end. Also if step wear or a severely rough surface of the inside diameter of the small end is apparent, the rod must be replaced as well.
3. Using a connecting rod aligning tool, check the rod for bend and twist. If the measured value is close to the repair limit, correct the rod by a press. Any connecting rod that has been severely bent or distorted should be replaced.
Allowable bend of connecting rod :
0.05mm / 100mm (0.0020 in./3.94 in.) or less
Allowable twist of connecting rod :
0.1mm / 100mm (0.0039 in./3.94 in.) or less
Crankshaft bore mark location
Letters have been stamped on the block as a mark for the size of each of the 5 main journal bores.
Use them, and the numbers or bar stamped on the crank (marks for main journal size), to choose the correct bearings.
Discrimination Of Cylinder Block
Crankshaft Journal Mark Location Discrimination Of Crankshaft
NOTE:
Conform to read stamping order as shown arrow direction from #1.
Discrimination Of Crankshaft
Place Of Identification Mark (Crankshaft Bearing) Discrimination Of Crankshaft Bearing
Discrimination Of Crankshaft Bearing
Selection
4. Check crankshaft end play.
Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance while prying the crankshaft back and forth with a screwdriver.
Standard end play
0.07 - 0.25mm (0.0027 - 0.0098in.)
Limit : 0.30mm (0.0118in.)
If the end play is greater than maximum, replace the thrust bearings as a set.
Thrust bearing thickness
1.925 - 1.965mm(0.0758 - 0.07736in.)
5. Inspect main journals and crank pins
Using a micrometer, measure the diameter of each main journal and crank pin.
Main journal diameter :
51.942 - 51.960mm (2.0449 - 2.0456in.)
Crank pin diameter :
47.954 - 47.972mm (1.8879 - 1.8886in.)
Cylinder Block
1. Remove gasket material.
Using a gasket scraper, remove all the gasket material from the top surface of the cylinder block.
2. Clean cylinder block
Using a soft brush and solvent, thoroughly clean the cylinder block.
3. Inspect top surface of cylinder block for flatness.
Using a precision straight edge and feeler gauge, measure the surface contacting the cylinder head gasket for warpage.
Flatness of cylinder block gasket surface
Standard : Less than 0.05mm(0.0020 in.)
4. Inspect cylinder bore diameter
Visually check the cylinder for vertical scratches.
If deep scratches are present, replace the cylinder block.
5. Inspect cylinder bore diameter
Using a cylinder bore gauge, measure the cylinder bore diameter at position in the thrust and axial directions.
Standard diameter
88.00 - 88.03mm (3.4645 - 3.4657in.)
NOTE:
Measure position(from the bottom of the cylinder block)
: 110.7mm(4.3582in.)/160mm(6.2992in.)/210mm(8.2677in.)
6. Check the cylinder bore size code on the cylinder block.
Cylinder Bore Inner Diameter
7. Check the piston size code on the piston top face.
NOTE:
Stamp the grade mark of basic diameter with rubber stamp.
Piston Outer Diameter
8. Select the piston related to cylinder bore class.
Clearance :0.015 - 0.035mm (0.00059 - 0.00137in.)
Piston And Rings
1. Clean piston
(1) Using a gasket scraper, remove the carbon from the piston top.
(2) Using a groove cleaning tool or broken ring, clean the piston ring grooves.
(3) Using solvent and a brush, thoroughly clean the piston.
NOTE:
Do not use a wire brush.
2. The standard measurement of the piston outside diameter is taken 34.5mm (1.35in.) from the top land of the piston.
Standard diameter
87.975 - 88.005mm (3.4635 - 3.4647in.)
3. Calculate the difference between the cylinder bore diameter and the piston diameter.
Piston-to-cylinder clearance
0.015 - 0.035mm(0.00059 - 0.00137in.)
4. Inspect the piston ring side clearance.
Using a feeler gauge, measure the clearance between new piston ring and the wall of the ring groove.
Piston ring side clearance
Standard
No.1 : 0.05 - 0.08mm (0.0019 - 0.0031in.)
No.2 : 0.04 - 0.08mm (0.0015 - 0.0031in.)
Oil ring : 0.06 - 0.15mm (0.0023 - 0.0059in.)
Limit
No.1 : 0.1mm (0.004in.)
No.2 : 0.1mm (0.004in.)
Oil ring : 0.2mm (0.008in.)
If the clearance is greater than maximum, replace the piston.
5. Inspect piston ring end gap.
To measure the piston ring end gap, insert a piston ring into the cylinder bore. Position the ring at right angles to the cylinder wall by gently pressing it down with a piston. Measure the gap with a feeler gauge. If the gap exceeds the service limit, replace the piston ring. If the gap is too large, recheck the cylinder bore diameter against the wear limits, If the bore is over the service limit, the cylinder block must be rebored.
Piston ring end gap
Standard
No.1 : 0.15 - 0.30mm (0.0059 - 0.0118in.)
No.2 : 0.37 - 0.52m (0.0145 - 0.0204in.)
Oil ring : 0.20 - 0.70mm (0.0079 - 0.0275in.)
Limit
No.1 : 0.6mm (0.0236in.)
No.2 : 0.7mm (0.0275in.)
Oil ring : 0.8mm (0.0315in.)
Piston Pins
1. Measure the diameter of the piston pin.
Piston pin diameter
21.001 - 21.006mm (0.8268 - 0.8270in.)
2. Measure the piston pin-to-piston clearance.
Piston pin-to-piston clearance
0.013 - 0.023mm (0.0005 - 0.0009in.)
3. Check the difference between the piston pin diameter and the connecting rod small end diameter.
Piston pin-to-connecting rod interference
0.016 - 0.032mm (0.00063 - 0.00126in.)
Oil Pressure Switch
1. Check the continuity between the terminal and the body with an ohmmeter.
If there is no continuity, replace the oil pressure switch.
2. Check the continuity between the terminal and the body when the fine wire is pushed. If there is continuity even when the fine wire is pushed, replace the switch.
3. If there is no continuity when a 50kpa (7psi) is applied through the oil hole, the switch is operaing properly.
Check for air leakage. If air leaks, the diaphragm is broken. Replace it.
Reassembly
NOTE:
- Thoroughly clean all parts to assembled.
- Before installing the parts, apply fresh engine oil to all sliding and rotating surfaces.
- Replace all gaskets, O-rings and oil seals with new parts.
1. Assemble the piston and connecting rod.
(1) Before pressing the piston pin, apply a coat of lubricant oil to the piston pin outer and connecting rod.
CAUTION:
- Take care that piston pin is not to be damaged during pressing process.
- When replace the piston pin, check the piston pin outer diameter and connecting rod small end inner diameter as below.
Piston pin outer DIA. :
21.001 - 21.006mm (0.8268 - 0.8270in)
Connecting rod small end inner DIA. :
20.974 - 20.985mm (0.8257 - 0.8261in)
(2) Use a hydraulic press for installation.
(3) The piston front mark and the connecting rod front mark must face the timing belt side of the engine.
2. Install the piston rings.
(1) Install the oil ring spacer and 2 side rails by hand.
(2) Using a piston ring expander, install the 2 compression rings with the code mark facing upward.
(3) Position the piston rings so that the ring ends are as shown.
3. Install the connecting rod bearings.
(1) Align the bearing claw with the groove of the connecting rod or connecting rod cap.
(2) Install the bearings(A) in the connecting rod and connecting rod cap(B).
4. Install the main bearings.
NOTE:
Upper bearings have an oil groove of oil holes; Lower bearings do not.
(1) Align the bearing claw with the claw groove of the cylinder block, push in the 5 upper bearings(A).
(2) Align the bearing claw with the claw groove of the main bearing cap, and push in the 5 lower bearings.
5. Install the thrust bearings.
Install the 2 thrust bearings(A) under the No.3 journal position of the cylinder block with the oil grooves facing outward.
6. Place the crankshaft(A) on the cylinder block.
7. Place the main bearing caps on cylinder block.
8. Install the main bearing cap bolts.
Tightening torque
14.7Nm (1.5kgf.m, 10.8lb-ft) + 27.5 - 31.4Nm (2.8 - 3.2kgf.m, 20.3 - 23.1lb-ft) + 120 - 125°
CAUTION:
Always use new main bearing cap bolts.
NOTE:
- The main bearing cap bolts are tightened in 2 progressive steps.
- If any of the bearing cap bolts in broken or deformed, replace it.
(1) Apply a light coat of engine oil on the threads and under the bearing cap bolts.
(2) Install and uniformly tighten the 10 bearing cap bolts, in several passes, in the sequence shown. (with specified torque 29.4N.m (3.0kgf.m, 21.7lb-ft))
(3) Retighten the bearing cap bolts by 120° in the numerical order shown.
(4) Check that the crankshaft turns smoothly.
9. Check crankshaft end play.
10. Install piston and connecting rod assemblies.
NOTE:
Before installing the pistons, apply a coat of engine oil to the ring grooves and cylinder bores.
(1) Remove the connecting rod caps, and slip short sections of rubber hose over the threaded ends of the connecting rod bolts.
(2) Install the ring compressor, check that the bearing is securely in place, then position the piston in the cylinder, and tap it in using the wooden handle of a hammer.
(3) Stop after the ring compressor pops free, and check the connecting rod-to-check journal alignment before pushing the piston into place.
(4) Apply engine oil to the bolt threads. Install the rod caps with bearings, and torque the bolts.
Tightening torque
17.7 - 21.6Nm (1.8 - 2.2kgf.m, 13.0 - 15.9lb-ft) + 88 - 92°
CAUTION:
Always use new connecting rod cap bolts.
NOTE:
Maintain downward force on the ring compressor to prevent the rings from expanding before entering the cylinder bore.
11. Apply liquid gasket to the mating surface of cylinder block and ladder frame.
NOTE:
- When assembling ladder frame, the liquid sealant Loctite 5900H or THREEBOND 1217H should be applied ladder frame.
- The part must be assembled within 5 minutes after sealant was applied.
- Apply sealant to the inner threads of the bolt holes.
12. Install ladder frame(A) with 10 bolts in several passes in sequence shown.
Tightening torque
Step 1 : 8.8 - 9.8N.m (0.9 - 1.0kgf.m, 6.5 - 7.2lb-ft)
Step 2 : 17.7 - 20.6N.m (1.8 - 2.1kgf.m, 13.0 - 15.9lb-ft)
Step 3 : 27.5 - 31.4N.m (2.8 - 3.2kgf.m, 20.3 - 23.1lb-ft)
13. Install rear oil seal.
(1) Apply engine oil to a new oil seal lip.
(2) Using SST(09231-H1100, 09214-3K100) and a hammer, tap in the oil seal until its surface is flush with the rear oil seal retainer edge.
14. Install CKP sensor(A) and sensor cover.
Tightening torque
3.9 - 5.9N.m (0.4 - 0.6kgf.m, 2.9 - 4.3lb-ft)
15. Install oil pressure sensor.
(1) Apply adhesive to 2 or 3 threads.
Adhesive : MS 721-39(B) or equivalent.
(2) Install the oil pressure sensor (A).
Tightening torque
7.8 - 11.8N.m (0.8 - 1.2kgf.m, 5.8 - 8.7lb-ft)
16. Install knock sensor(A).
Tightening torque
18.6 - 23.5N.m (1.9 - 2.4kgf.m, 13.7 - 13.4lb-ft)
17. Install oil level gauge assembly.
(1) Install a new O-ring on the oil dip stick.
(2) Apply engine oil on the O-ring.
(3) Install the oil dip stick assembly(A) with the bolt.
Tightening torque
7.8 - 11.8N.m (0.8 - 1.2kgf.m, 5.8 - 8.7lb-ft)
18. Install tensioner assembly integrated bracket(A).
Tightening torque
39.2 - 44.1N.m (4.0 - 4.5kgf.m, 28.9 - 32.5lb-ft)
19. Install the water pump (A) with a new water pump gasket.
Tightening torque :
18.6 - 23.5N.m (1.9 - 2.4kgf.m, 13.7 - 17.4lb-ft)
20. Install the water inlet pipe bolt.
Tightening torque :
9.8 - 11.8N.m (1.0 - 1.2kgf.m, 7.2 - 8.7lb-ft)
21. Install the power steering pump and the bracket.
22. Install the alternator (A).
Tightening torque :
49.0 - 63.7N.m (5.0 - 6.5kgf.m, 36.2 - 47.0lb-ft)
23. Install the oil pump.
24. Install the cylinder head assembly.
25. Install the timing chain.
26. Install the oil pan.
(1) Using a razor blade and gasket scraper, remove all the old gasket material from the gasket surfaces.
NOTE:
Check that the mating surfaces are clean and dry before applying liquid gasket.
(2) Apply liquid gasket as an even bead, centered between the edges of the mating surface.
Use liquid gasket LOCTITE 5900H or THREEBOND 1217H equivalent (MS721-40).
NOTE:
- To prevent leakage of oil, apply liquid gasket to the inner threads of the bolt holes.
- Do not install the parts if five minutes or more have elapsed since applying the liquid gasket. Instead, reapply liquid gasket after removing the residue.
- After assembly, wait at least 30 minutes before filling the engine with oil.
(3) Install the oil pan.
Uniformly tighten the bolts in several passes.
Tightening torque :
M9(B): 30.4 - 34.3N.m (3.1 - 3.5kgf.m, 22.4 - 25.3lb-ft)
M6(C): 9.8 - 11.8N.m (1.0 - 1.2kgf.m, 7.2 - 8.7lb-ft)
27. Install the A/C compressor.
28. Install the intake manifold and exhaust manifold.
29. Install the drive plate (AT only) or fly wheel (MT only).
Tightening torque :
117.7 - 127.5N.m (12 - 13kgf.m, 86.8 - 94.0lb-ft)
NOTE:
- Always use new flywheel (drive plate) bolts.
- Apply sealant to the screw part (8mm from the end of the bolt) when using new flywheel bolts.
Sealant:Three bond 2403, Loctite 200 or 204
- Install and uniformly tighten the 7 bolts, in several passes.
30. Install the engine assembly on the vehicle.
Add all fluids to their normal operating levels.