Operation

General
The instrument packs fitted to all Freelander models are similar, with the only differences being the mph or km/h speedometer, odometer readings, tachometer maximum rev/mm band and certain warning lamps.

The instrument pack is a totally electronic controlled device receiving electrical signals from sender units and CAN messages from the Engine Control Module (ECM), ABS ECU and the Electronic Automatic Transmission (EAT) ECU and transposing them via a microprocessor into analogue gauge readouts and warning lamp illumination.

The instrument pack is connected to the fascia harness by connectors C0230 and C0233 which provide all input and output connections for instrument pack operation.

A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is located on the rear of the pack. The analogue displays, warning lamps and the LCD are integral with the PCB. No internal components are serviceable.

The instrument pack contains a non-volatile EEPROM memory which records the vehicle identification number (VIN), engine type and odometer reading. The stored odometer value cannot be changed. The EEPROM is protected by a security code to prevent unauthorized access.

A flash memory stores software and hardware identifiers which are accessible via diagnostics.

Low Battery Operation
If the permanent battery supply voltage falls to below 8V, CAN message transmissions will be suspended and received CAN messages will be ignored, analogue gauges will read zero and warning lamp operation is suspended. When the voltage rises above 8V, normal instrument pack operation is resumed.

Speedometer
The speedometer is electronically operated and contains an LCD. Each model has a maximum scale indication of 136 mph (220 km/h).

The speedometer is driven by CAN messages from the ABS ECU. The messages are generated by an ABS wheel speed sensor which produces pulses as the reluctor rotates. The instrument pack microprocessor processes the incoming CAN message from the ABS ECU and converts it into electrical signals for speedometer operation.

If the CAN message fails for more than 64ms the microprocessor will terminate speedometer operation and record a fault flag. The recorded fault can be accessed using TestBook.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
The LCD shows odometer readings up to 999999 miles or kilometers and trip computer readings up to 999.9 miles or kilometers. A trip counter reset button is located at the bottom of the speedometer and resets the counter to zero when pressed for more than two seconds. A short press will change the LCD display from odometer to trip.

The odometer uses the same CAN messages as the speedometer to calculate the distance travelled. If the CAN message fails, the LCD will display the odometer distance and 'Error alternately for one second each.

On vehicles with JATCO automatic gearbox, the LCD also displays gearbox status information as shown in the following table:

LCD Character Description
p Park
r Reverse
n Neutral
d Drive
Sport Sport mode
4 Automatic gearbox operation up to 4th ratio
2 Automatic gearbox operation up to 2nd ratio
1 Automatic gearbox operation in 1St gear ratio
1 Manual mode 1st ratio
2 Manual mode 2nd ratio
3 Manual mode 3rd ratio
4 Manual mode 4th ratio
5 Manual mode 5th ratio
F and 4 Gearbox fault has occurred. Gearbox remains in fourth gear
(Flashing alternately)

Tachometer
The tachometer is electronically operated and is driven by CAN messages from the ECM. The ECM output is derived from the crankshaft position (CKP) sensor. Loss of the CAN message will cause the tachometer to read zero until the engine speed message is restored.

Petrol models have a maximum tachometer scale reading of 8000 rev/mm

The tachometer scale has a red segment which denotes the maximum engine speed for the model. The engine must not be operated beyond the start of the red segment. The maximum engine speed for the models is as follows:
^ Petrol models - 6500 rev/mm

Three warning lamps are located in the lower part of the tachometer face; Cruise control, Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) and handbrake and brake warning lamp.

Fuel Level Gauge
The fuel level gauge pointer indicates the current fuel level in the fuel tank. The fuel level gauge pointer returns to the empty position when the ignition is switched off.

The gauge is operated by an output from the fuel gauge to the fuel tank sender which is integral with the fuel pump. The sender is a float operated rotary potentiometer which provides a variable resistance to earth for the output from the gauge. Movement of the sender unit float arm varies the electrical resistance across the sender unit, so the voltage of the control signal and the resultant deflection of the gauge pointer are directly related to the level of fuel in the tank. When the sender float is at its lowest point, indicating an empty fuel tank, the resistance to earth is at its greatest.

The measured resistance is processed by the instrument pack to implement an anti-slosh function. This monitors the signal and updates the fuel gauge pointer position at regular intervals. This prevents constant needle movement caused by fuel movement in the tank due to cornering or braking.

A warning lamp is located in the face of the fuel gauge and illuminates when the fuel level is at or below 2.2 gallons (10 liters).

The fuel level sender signal is converted into a CAN message by the instrument pack as a direct interpretation of the fuel tank contents in liters. The ECM uses the CAN message to suspend OBD misfire detection when the fuel level is below 15% capacity.

Sender Unit Resistance, Nominal Gauge Reading
Ohms
503 Empty
413 Low fuel level illumination
302 Half full
135 Full

Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
The coolant temperature gauge indicates the temperature of the engine coolant. When the engine reaches normal operating temperature, the gauge rests at the mid-point of the temperature scale.

If the engine coolant temperature becomes too high, the pointer will rise to the red segment of the scale to warn of an engine cooling fault. At this position the engine coolant temperature is too high and continued operation could result in engine damage; the vehicle should be stopped as soon as possible.

The engine coolant temperature gauge is driven by a CAN message from the ECM. The ECM derives the engine coolant temperature from an engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor.

The temperature gauge is fitted with a return magnet causing the gauge to return to zero when the ignition is switched off. The coolant temperature gauge is only operative when the ignition switch is in position II or when diagnostics are selected.

When the engine is hot, the gauge will display normal temperature until the engine has been running for more than 15 seconds. This prevents the gauge moving to the red sector of the gauge if the ignition is turned off and then on after a journey. If the engine is not started, the coolant pump will not circulate coolant and local hot spots occur in the engine and give an incorrect temperature reading. The 15 second delay allows for the engine to be started and coolant circulated, allowing the gauge to display the true average temperature.

Coolant Temperature Gauge Engine Coolant Temperature °C (°F)
Needle Position
Cold 40 (104)
Normal 75-115(167-239)
Hot (Red zone) 120 (24B)

Instrument Illumination
The instrument pack backlighting illumination is provided by three, T10 single filament 3.4W 1 4V bulbs. The bulbs are rated at 14V to improve their resistance to failure and are fitted with a colored shroud to give the required backlight illumination color.

The lamps illuminate when the side lamps or headlamps are switched on. In selected markets the instrument panel, radio and switch illumination is also controlled by an instrument illumination dimmer control.

Warning Lamps
The following warning lamp descriptions cover all model and market variants. Therefore, some warning lamps may not be present on specific models.

Left and Right Hand indicators
The LH and RH indicator warning lamps flash in time with the exterior direction indicators when they are operated. If either warning lamp flashes very rapidly, this indicates that one of the front or rear exterior indicator bulbs has tailed.

When hazard warning lamps are operative, both direction indicator warning lamps flash simultaneously with the exterior indicators.

Headlamp Main Beam
The headlamp main beam warning lamp illuminates when the headlamps are switched to main beam or the headlamp flash is operated.

Seat Belt (Selective Markets Only)
The lamp illuminates when the ignition is switched to position II. When the seat belt buckle is secured in the stalk, a switch in the stalk extinguishes the lamp.

SRS
The SRS lamp illuminates for approximately 5 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. If the lamp remains illuminated or illuminates when the engine is running, the SRS has a fault which must be rectified as soon as possible.

Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) (Service Engine Soon - NAS) - Petrol Engines Only

The MIL illuminates at all times when the ignition is in position II and the engine is not running. If the lamp remains illuminated or illuminates when the engine is running, a fault has occurred in the engine emission control system or an emission related automatic gearbox fault has occurred. Stop the vehicle and switch off the ignition for at least 30 seconds. If the lamp illuminates after the engine is restarted, rectification must be sought as soon as possible to avoid potential engine or gearbox damage and excessive exhaust emissions.

Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)
The ABS lamp illuminates when the ignition is switched to position II and extinguishes after the engine is started. If the lamp illuminates at any other time, a fault has occurred in the ABS and should be rectified at the earliest opportunity.

Door Open
The lamp illuminates if any side door, the tail door or the bonnet is open and the ignition switch is in position II.

Hazard Warning
The lamp illuminates alternately with the direction indicators and direction indicator warning lamps when the hazard warning switch is operated.

Hill Descent Control In formation
The lamp illuminates for approximately 2 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. The lamp illuminates when the driver selects Hill Descent Control (HDC), to inform the driver that the system is enabled.

If the lamp flashes, the system cannot enable HDC due to excessive speed or incorrect gear selection.

Hill Descent Control Fault
The lamp illuminates for approximately 2 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. The lamp illuminates if a fault is detected within the HDC system, providing the driver with a visible warning. The lamp is illuminated for a short period when the ignition is switched to position II.

Handbrake and Brake System
In some markets, the lamp illuminates for approximately 2 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. The lamp illuminates when the handbrake is applied. If the lamp illuminates when the handbrake is released, urgent attention is required to the braking system.

Low Oil Pressure
The low oil pressure lamp illuminates at all times when the ignition switch is in position II and the engine is not running.

If the lamp remains on, flashes on and off or illuminates at any time when the engine is running, the engine must be stopped at the earliest opportunity or serious engine damage could occur.

Ignition/No Charge
The ignition/no charge lamp illuminates at all times when the ignition switch is in position II and the engine is not running. If the lamp remains illuminated or illuminates when the engine is running, a fault has occurred with the battery charging system and should be rectified at the earliest opportunity. On petrol models the lamp is controlled by an output direct from the alternator.

Service Engine (NAS Only)
The service engine warning lamp illuminates for approximately 2 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. If the lamp remains illuminated or illuminates during driving, an engine management fault has occurred. If the lamp is permanently illuminated, the vehicle may still be driven but rectification of the fault should be sought at the earliest opportunity. If the lamp flashes, the fault must be rectified immediately.

Overspeed Warning (Selected Markets Only)
The overspeed lamp is illuminated for approximately 2 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. The lamp will only illuminate when the engine is running if the vehicle speed exceeds 120 km/h, and will extinguish when the speed drops below this value.

Cruise Control (If Fitted)
The cruise control lamp illuminates when the cruise control switch in the center console is selected on and the cruise control is active. The lamp remains illuminated until the cruise control switch is selected off or cruise control is deactivated.

Low Fuel Level
The low fuel level lamp is located in the fuel gauge dial face. The lamp is illuminated for 2 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. The lamp illuminates when the fuel level drops to approximately 10 liters (2.65 US gallons) on petrol models.

Trailer Lamp Failure
The trailer lamp failure warning lamp illuminates to show failure of one or more of the trailer indicator or tail lamps.

Rear Fog Lamp
The rear fog lamp warning lamp illuminates when the headlamps are switched on and the rear fog lamp switch is operated. The lamp is extinguished when the fog lamp switch is operated to turn off the fog lamps or the headlamps are switched off.

Electronic Traction Control (TC)
The TC warning lamp is illuminated for approximately 4 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. When traction control is operating, the TC warning lamp will be illuminated for a minimum of 2 seconds or for as long as the traction control system is active. The TC warning lamp also illuminates when the ABS ECU detects a brake system fault which affects traction control. If a fault is detected the lamp will remain permanently illuminated. The vehicle may still be driven but rectification of the fault should be sought at the earliest opportunity.

Instrument Pack Connector Details
The following tables shows the harness connector face views, pin numbers and input/output information for connectors C0230 and C0233.

Connector C0233:

Connector C0230:

Diagnostics
A diagnostic socket allows the exchange of information between the instrument pack and TestBook or other diagnostic tool. The diagnostic socket is located behind the center console, in the passenger footwell.

The diagnostic socket is connected to the instrument pack on an ISO 9141 K Line. When the diagnostic mode is accessed the LCD displays 'dIAg, which remains until the diagnostic mode is exited.

The instrument pack stores fault flags which can be retrieved using TestBook or any diagnostic tool using Keyword 2000 protocol.

Each fault stores two flags. The first flag (fault log) indicates that a fault has occurred with that function. This flag can only be removed using a diagnostic tool.

The second flag (active fault) indicates that there is currently a fault with that function. This flag is only active while the fault condition exists. Removal of the fault condition will clear the active fault flag.

Controller Area Network (CAN)
The CAN bus is a high speed broadcast network between the instrument pack, the ECM, the EAT ECU and the ABS

ECU, allowing fast exchange of data between the components every few microseconds.

The bus comprises two wires which are identified as CAN Low (L) and CAN High (H). The wires are twisted together to minimize the electromagnetic interference (noise) produced from the CAN messages.

To prevent message errors from electrical reflections, 120 Ohms resistors are incorporated into the CAN wire terminals of the ECM, ABS ECU, EAT ECU and the instrument pack.

CAN messages consist of a signal which is simultaneously transmitted, in opposite phase, on both wires. CAN L switches between 2.5 and 1.5 volts, while CAN H switches between 2.5 and 3.5 volts. This causes a potential difference between the two lines to switch between 0 volt (logic 1) and 2 volts (logic 0) to produce the digital signal message.

In the event of CAN bus failure, any of the following symptoms may be observed:
^ Tachometer, speedometer and temperature gauge will fail to operate
^ CAN controlled warning lamps will be inoperative.

CAN Bus Switching:

Instrument Pack CAN Messages
The instrument pack acts as a CAN gateway to other CAN controlled functions on the vehicle. The following table lists signals which are routed through the gateway and translated to or from CAN as applicable.





CAN Inputs
The following CAN inputs are received by the instrument pack:

Inputs
Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD) Engine MIL status
Traction control lamp status Engine status
Vehicle speed Fuel consumption
HDC activity status Target gear (Automatic gearbox only)
HDC fault status Selector position (Automatic gearbox only)
Engine speed Gear shift mode (Automatic gearbox only)
Engine coolant temperature Gearbox fault status
Glow plug lamp status

^ Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD): This signal represents the electronic brake proportioning status. This signal is used to indicate a fault with either the brake proportioning system or low brake lamp fluid and illuminate the brake system warning lamp. The signal is originated from the ABS ECU.
^ ABS Lamp Status: This signal is used to illuminate the ABS warning lamp when an ABS fault occurs. The ABS system will illuminate the lamp when the engine is not running and extinguish it when the engine starts. Further illumination indicates an ABS fault. The signal is originated from the ABS ECU.
^ Traction Control (TC) Lamp Status: This signal is used to illuminate the TC warning lamp for a bulb check when the ignition is first switched on and also for when TC is active. The signal is also used to illuminate the TC warning lamp when the ABS ECU detects a fault in the brake system for traction control. The signals are originated from the ABS ECU.
^ Vehicle Speed: This signal is used to operate the speedometer and the odometer and trip functions. The signal is originated from the ABS ECU.
^ HDC Activity Status: This signal is used to illuminate the HDC active lamp. The signal informs the instrument pack if the HDC function is enabled or disabled. If the HDC function is disabled, the HDC lamp will flash to indicate that the incorrect gear is selected or the vehicle is travelling at excessive speed for HDC operation. The signal is originated from the ABS ECU.
^ HDC Fault Status: This signal is used to illuminate the HDC fault lamp. The signal is a combination of the HDC activity and fault messages and is only illuminated when the ABS system detects a HDC function fault. The signal is originated from the ABS ECU.
^ Engine Speed: This signal is used to operate the tachometer. The signal is unfiltered with any damping performed by the instrument pack. The ECM also issues an engine speed error signal which is ignored by the instrument pack. Both signals are also used by the EAT ECU to assist shift timing and fluid pressure calculations and by the ABS ECU for traction control. The signal is originated from the ECM
^ Engine Coolant Temperature: This signal is used to operate the coolant temperature gauge. The signal is unfiltered with any damping performed by the instrument pack. The signal is also used by the EAT ECU for warm up cycle detection. The signal is originated from the ECM.
^ Engine MIL Status (Service Engine Soon): This signal is used to illuminate the MIL. The signal is originated from the ECM if an OBD related engine management fault occurs or on KV6 vehicles from the EAT ECU, via the ECM, if an OBD related gearbox fault occurs. The signal is also used by the EAT ECU to disable OBD fault monitoring in the event of an ECM fault.
^ Engine Status: This signal is used to illuminate the engine malfunction (service engine) lamp. This lamp is illuminated for non OBD related faults which would not illuminate the MIL. The signal is originated from the ECM.
^ Fuel Consumption: This signal is used to calculate the service interval announcement in the LCD. The signal is the sum of the volume of injected fuel, calculated from the injection periods minus the valve delay times, and the pitch of the corresponding injector. The injected volumes are calculated as they occur and transmitted on the CAN every 10ms for petrol engines. The signal is originated from the ECM.
^ Target Gear (Automatic Gearbox Only): This signal is used in conjunction with the selector position signal to display the current gear selection in the LCD. The signal is the actual gear or target gear if gearbox is changing ratios. The signal is also used by the ECM to assist in engine load change prediction. The signal is originated from the EAT ECU.
^ Selector Position (Automatic Gearbox Only): This signal is used in conjunction with the target gear signal to display the current gear selection in the LCD. The signal represents the actual selected gear position. The signal is also used by the ECM to assist in idle speed control. The signal is originated from the ECM.
^ Gear Shift Mode (Automatic Gearbox Only): This signal is used to display the currently selected gearshift mode; drive, sport or manual in the LCD. The signal is originated from the EAT ECU.
^ Gearbox Fault Status (Automatic Gearbox Only): This signal is used to display the status of the EAT ECU. If a gearbox fault occurs the EAT ECU will generate this message to alternately display 'F' and '4' in the LCD and initiate the default strategy for gearbox control.