Immobilisation System Description
Description
General
The immobilisation system is essentially a stand alone system with its own controlling ECU located centrally behind the fascia.
On late 2003 model year vehicles (from VIN 242164 onwards), the EWS3-D immobilisation system was replaced. A new system was introduced which improved the process for adding or replacing keys, allowing the dealer to enable new keys using T4. Apart from the immobilisation ECU, the system retains similar components and functionality of the previous immobilisation system. The system is not available as a replacement for vehicles fitted with an EWS3-D system.
Immobilisation System
The immobilisation system comprises:
- Immobilisation ECU
- Ignition switch transponder coil (Ring antenna)
- Key transponder
- Ignition switch
- Instrument pack
- Engine Control Module (ECM)
- Central Control Unit (CCU)
- Park/neutral switch
- Starter motor
Immobilisation System - General
The function of the immobilisation system is to prevent unauthorised starting of the vehicle. The ECU operates in a secure interface which cannot be by-passed or copied.
Re-mobilisation is achieved through a transponder in the vehicle key which is energised by a transponder coil surrounding the ignition switch when the ignition is turned to 'AUX' position I. When energised, the transponder data is read by the immobilisation ECU which will confirm the validity of the start request.
Ignition Switch Transponder Coil
The transponder coil is located in a black plastic housing which is located around the ignition key barrel. The coil is connected by two wires to the immobilisation ECU.
The transponder coil passes electrical energy and data at a frequency of 125 kHz to a transponder in the vehicle key, up to a range of 20 mm (0.78 in) from the coil.
Key Transponder
Each vehicle is supplied with two vehicle keys and two separate RF transmitters. The RF transmitters are used to lock and arm the vehicle, and for the tail door window drop function. The key head contains the transponder used by the immobilisation system.
On vehicles up to VIN 242163 (EWS-3D System), each keyblade has an external waveform profile which is coded and recorded in a BMW Group database, therefore replacement keys are only available from franchised dealers/suppliers. The transponder contains a 128 byte EEPROM which is programmed with vehicle identification data which is checked by the immobilisation ECU before re-mobilisation is activated. The information programmed into the EEPROM cannot be overwritten.
On vehicles from VIN 242164, each keyblade has an external waveform profile which is coded and recorded in a Land Rover database. Replacement keys are supplied to the dealer with the correct keyblade waveform profile cut and the transponder programmed by Land Rover. The transponder contains a 256 byte EEPROM which is programmed with vehicle identification data which is checked by the immobilisation ECU before re-mobilisation is activated. The information programmed into the EEPROM cannot be overwritten.
Immobilisation ECU
The immobilisation ECU is the central component in the immobilisation system and is located behind the fascia in a central position.
The immobilisation ECU communicates with the CCU and is connected to the diagnostic socket enabling diagnostic procedures to be carried out.
There is no audible or visual indication to the driver of the condition of the immobilisation system.
The immobilisation ECU receives information from related systems on the vehicle and passes a coded signal to the ECM to allow starting if all starting parameters have been met. The information is decoded by the ECM which will allow the engine run if the information is correct. The information is on a rolling code system and both the ECU and the ECM will require synchronisation if either component is renewed.
Depending on engine fitment, four different ECM's can be used on the vehicle. Each ECM communicates with the immobilisation ECU using the same protocol.
The immobilisation ECU also protects the starter motor from inadvertent operation. The ECU receives an engine speed signal from the ECM via the instrument pack. When the engine speed exceeds a predetermined value, the ECU prevents operation of the starter motor via an integral starter disable relay.
Immobilisation ECU and Key Ordering Procedure - EWS- 3D System - Up to VIN 242163 Only
The immobilisation system is a highly secure system and to maintain security, the supply of spare/replacement keys and immobilisation ECU's is restricted to BMW Group dealers only. Keys can be disabled to prevent use of an unauthorised key using T4 (immobilisation diagnostic).
Key and ECU Ordering Procedure - All Markets (Except Japan)
Each dealer must adhere to the following procedure when ordering keys and/or immobilisation ECU's.
1. The dealer receives a request from the customer for a spare/replacement key or a replacement immobilisation ECU and key set
2. The dealer must request from the customer proof of ownership and Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). This may be in the form of a registration document for example. If proof of ownership cannot be supplied, the dealer must not proceed with ordering keys
3. The dealer must raise a Vehicle Off Road (VOR) order quoting the VIN and the part number of the part(s) required
4. The dealer must pass the VOR order to the corporate wholesaler, European distribution centre or importer on the Unipart parts ordering system before 12:45 pm for next day delivery
5. Unipart will validate the VIN and, if correct, will send an order to BMW GB on the Direct Factory Supplier (DFS) system before 1:00 pm for the same day delivery to Unipart. If Unipart find the VIN to be incorrect, they will contact the dealer to revalidate the VIN
6. BMW GB record the order and pass it to BMW AG in Dingolfing, Germany who interrogate their database to establish that the VIN is valid. From the database, BMW AG confirm that immobilisation codes remain available
7. If no codes are available, the order is returned to BMW GB who inform Unipart that all available codes have been used and that a new immobilisation ECU and key set is required. Unipart inform the corporate wholesaler, European distribution centre or importer on a parts information sheet that order has been rejected and reason for rejection. The corporate wholesaler, European distribution centre or importer inform the dealer who will advise the customer that a new immobilisation ECU and key set is required. If customer agrees, then the ordering procedure is repeated from step 3
8. BMW AG will establish mechanical and electrical key configuration, update the database and create a bar code order form from which the spare/replacement key or immobilisation ECU and key set is made
9. BMW AG will pass the completed order form to the BMW GB key cutting centre who use the bar code to produce the new keys or new immobilisation ECU and key sets
10. BMW GB will despatch the part(s) to Unipart at circa 3:30 pm on the same day in order to get the parts on the Unipart overnight VOR delivery
11. In the UK market, Unipart will despatch the part(s) to the corporate wholesaler overnight to arrive circa 8:30 am next day. The corporate wholesaler will deliver the part(s) to the dealer at circa 12:00 pm on the same day
12. In ROW markets, Unipart will despatch the part(s) to the European distribution centre or importer next day to arrive by 12:00 pm the following day. The European distribution centre will deliver the part(s) overnight to arrive at the dealer at circa 8:30 am the following day. In importer markets, courier delivery times to the dealer can be typically 5/6 days for South America/Asia and 8/12 days for Australia
Key and ECU Ordering Procedure - Japanese Market Only
Each dealer must adhere to the following procedure when ordering keys and/or immobilisation ECU's.
1. The dealer receives a request from the customer for a spare/replacement key or a replacement immobilisation ECU and key set
2. The dealer must request from the customer proof of ownership and Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). This may be in the form of a registration document for example. If proof of ownership cannot be supplied, the dealer must not proceed with ordering keys
3. The dealer must raise a Vehicle Off Road (VOR) order quoting the VIN and the part number of the part(s) required
4. The dealer must pass the VOR order to the Japanese parts organisation
5. The Japanese parts organisation will send the order to BMW Japan
6. BMW Japan will validate the VIN via a direct link to the BMW database. If the VIN is incorrect, BMW Japan will contact the Japanese parts organisation who, in turn, will inform the dealer to revalidate the VIN
7. When the VIN is validated, BMW Japan will confirm from the database that immobilisation codes remain available
8. If no codes are available, the order is returned the Japanese parts organisation who inform the dealer that all available codes have been used and that a new immobilisation ECU and key set is required. The dealer will advise the customer that a new immobilisation ECU and key set is required. If the customer agrees, then the ordering procedure is repeated from step 3
9. BMW Japan will establish mechanical and electrical key configuration, update the database and create a bar code order form from which the spare/replacement key or immobilisation ECU and key set is made
10. BMW Japan will pass the completed order form to their key cutting centre who use the bar code to produce the new keys or new immobilisation ECU and key sets
11. BMW Japan will despatch the part(s) to the Japanese parts organisation to meet overnight delivery schedules
12. On receipt, the Japanese parts organisation will despatch the part(s) to the dealer using VOR or overnight delivery services
Replacement Key CCU Programming
A replacement key will arrive ready for use. The EWS-3D will recognise the first use of the key and will initiate the random rolling code from then on. T4 can also be used to enable or disable keys, if a key is lost for example.
Immobilisation ECU, Key Ordering and Enabling Procedure - Non NAS Vehicles from VIN 242164 Only
The immobilisation system is a highly secure system and to maintain security, the supply of spare/replacement keys and immobilisation ECU's is restricted to Land Rover dealers only. Keys can be disabled, using T4 (immobilisation diagnostic), to prevent use of an unauthorised key. Unlike the previous EWS3-D (up to VIN 242163) immobilisation system, this system allows the key transponders and the immobilisation ECU to be enabled by the Land Rover dealer. New ECU's and keys are supplied pre-programmed and can be enabled using T4 using a new or currently enabled key. The ECU is capable of storing up to 30 key identifications.
Each ECU has a unique code and this same code is also programmed to the key transponders, in the keys supplied with the vehicle, during programming at Land Rover. Each key transponder also has a unique identifier which is copied to the ECU when the ECU receives a valid code and a request to enable that key. When the vehicle leaves the production line, the ECU contains one unique code and two unique key identifiers.
The key identifiers are only recorded in the ECU if the keys are enabled to the vehicle. When Land Rover issue a new, replacement key, the key will contain the same unique code as the ECU, but will also have a unique identifier. The key identifier is transferred to the ECU when the key is enabled and stored in the next available key slot.
Key and ECU Ordering Procedure
Each dealer must adhere to the following procedure when ordering keys and/or immobilisation ECU's.
1. The dealer receives a request from the customer for a spare/replacement immobilisation ECU and key set
2. The dealer must request from the customer proof of ownership and Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). This may be in the form of a registration document for example, If proof of ownership cannot be supplied, the dealer must not proceed with ordering keys
3. The dealer must raise a Vehicle Off Road (VOR) quoting the VIN and the part number of the part(s) required
4. The dealer must pass the VOR order to the corporate wholesaler, European distribution centre or importer on the Caterpillar parts ordering system before 12:00pm for next day delivery
5. Caterpillar will validate the VIN and, if correct, will send an order to Land Rover Solihull on the Direct Factory Supplier (DFS) system before 1:00pm for the same day delivery to Caterpillar. If Caterpillar find the VIN to be incorrect, they will contact the dealer to revalidate the VIN
6. Land Rover record the order and retrieve the vehicles security codes from the Electronic Data Warehouse (EDW). The cut and coded key or coded ECU is returned to Caterpillar for dispatch to the dealer
7. If no codes are available, the order is returned to Caterpillar who informs the dealer, wholesaler, European distribution centre or importer that all available codes have been used and that a new immobilisation ECU and key set is required. The corporate wholesaler, European distribution centre or importer informs the dealer who will advise the customer that a new immobilisation ECU and key set is required. If the customer agrees, then the ordering procedure is repeated from step 3
8. Land Rover will establish mechanical and electrical key configuration, update the database and produce the spare/replacement key or immobilisation ECU.
9. Land Rover will dispatch the parts to Caterpillar circa 3:30pm on the same day in order to get the parts on the overnight VOR delivery
10. In the UK markets, Caterpillar will dispatch the parts to the dealer on the overnight delivery service
11. In the ROW markets, Caterpillar will dispatch the parts to the European distribution centre or importer the next day to arrive circa 12:00pm the following day. The European distribution centre will deliver the parts overnight to arrive at the dealer circa 8:30am the following day. In importer markets, courier delivery times to the dealer can be typically 5 to 6 days for America/Asia and 8 to 12 days for Australia.
Immobilisation ECU Programming Procedure
Each Land Rover dealer must use the following procedure for replacement of the immobilisation ECU:
1. When an immobilisation ECU requires replacement, the Land Rover dealer will order a 'pre-programmed' ECU from Land Rover. The dealer must request proof of ownership from the customer, which may be in the form of the vehicle registration document. If proof of ownership cannot be established, the dealer must not proceed with the ECU replacement.
2. The replacement ECU is supplied as a pre-programmed unit from Land Rover. Land Rover will pre-load the identities of the keys supplied with the vehicle from the factory before the ECU is despatched to the dealer. The ECU can be supplied with no key identities pre-loaded.
3. The ECU must be synchronised to the ECM so that immobilisation can operate normally. If the ECU is supplied with no key identities pre-loaded, the dealer must 'teach' the new ECU the identities of the customers keys before re-synchronisation can be attempted. If the key identities are pre-loaded into the ECU, the re-synchronisation can be carried out without any further requirement to 'learn' keys.
NOTE: Once an ECU has been programmed to a specific vehicle, it cannot be used on another vehicle.
Key Programming Procedure
The new immobilisation system (from VIN 242164) can be enabled using T4. The diagnostic procedures allow the following:
- Identify key allocation within the ECU
- Learn blank keys supplied by Land Rover
- Disable keys
- Re-enable a previously used (disabled) key.
The following procedures outline the processes required to achieve the above listed functions. T4 can only be used to perform these procedures and the on-screen instructions must be followed.
Identify Key Allocation
1. The immobilisation ECU allows a maximum of 30 keys to be programmed for a vehicle. Each key has a unique identification which is determined by it's transponder. The identifications can be displayed on T4 the 'Key Store' function.
2. On the T4 'Immobilisation Diagnostic' screen, select 'Vehicle Maintenance' icon. Then select 'Key Store' icon. The screen displayed shows the status of the 30 key slots in the ECU. The slots can be in one of three states:
- ENABLED - The slot contains a valid key identification which can be used to mobilise the vehicle.
- 'DISABLED' - The slot does not contain a key identification.
- DISABLED (USED) - The slot previously contained a key identification which has been deleted. This slot can be re-used.
NOTE: On the 'Vehicle Maintenance' screen, there is an icon titled 'Identify Key'. If this icon is selected, the slot number of the key currently in the ignition switch is displayed.
Learn Blank New Keys
1. On the T4 'Immobilisation Diagnostic' screen, select 'Vehicle Maintenance' icon. Then select 'Key Programming' icon.
2. Read the information displayed on the Key Programming page and press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
3. Insert the 'New' key into the ignition switch and turn the ignition to position I (AUX). Press 'Exit' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
4. Because the key inserted is a new key, it's identification is not stored in the ECU. A 'Key Invalid' message is displayed on the screen. Select the 'New Key' icon at the bottom of the page.
5. If more than one key is to be enabled, select the 'Yes' icon at the bottom of the page, otherwise select the 'No' icon at the bottom of the screen.
6. Follow the on-screen instructions to clear any fault codes from the ECU. Press Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to proceed. T4 will now give an option to clear the fault codes. Select the 'Yes' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
NOTE: Fault codes can be generated during the key learning process.
7. Select the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to complete the key learning process.
Disable Keys
1. This process is used to disable one or more keys. The diagnostics will disable all current and enabled keys in the ECU with the exception of the key currently in the ignition switch.
NOTE: Disabled keys will no longer be able to start the vehicle.
2. On the T4 'Immobilisation Diagnostic' screen, select the 'Vehicle Maintenance' icon. Then select the 'Key Programming' icon.
3. Read the information displayed on the Key Programming page and press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
4. Make sure that the key in the ignition switch is an enabled key which will start the vehicle. Press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
5. Select the 'Disable Keys' icon; the 'Disable Keys' screen will appear. Press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to continue. All keys, except the key in the ignition, will be disabled. To re-enable all other keys to be used with the vehicle using the following procedure.
Enable Previously Disabled Keys
1. This procedure is only applicable to keys which have previously been used on the vehicle. The procedure can be used for the following:
- Re-enable valid keys following a Key Disable procedure
- Re-enable a key which was previously lost/not used by the customer and disabled.
NOTE: Do not use this process to attempt to enable a new key issued direct from Land Rover.
2. On the T4 'Immobilisation Diagnostic' screen, select the 'Vehicle Maintenance' icon. Then select ' the Key Programming' icon.
3. Read the information displayed on the Key Programming page and press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
4. Make sure that the key in the ignition switch is an enabled key which will start the vehicle, not the key which is to be re-enabled. Press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
5. Select the 'Enable Keys' icon; the 'Enable Keys' screen will appear. Press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
6. Remove the key from the ignition switch. Insert the key to be re-enabled into the ignition switch and turn the ignition to position I (AUX). Press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
7. If more than one key is to be enabled, select the 'Yes' icon at the bottom of the page, if not, select the 'No' icon.
8. Follow the on-screen instructions to clear any fault codes from the ECU. Press the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to proceed. T4 will now give an option to clear the fault codes. Select the 'Yes' icon at the bottom of the page to continue.
9. Select the 'Continue' icon at the bottom of the page to complete the key re-enable process.