General System

System Description:

The Engine Control Unit (ECU) is the central component of this computerized fuel, ignition and emission control system. Mazda refers to the system as Electronic Gasoline Injection (EGI). To maintain fuel economy, good driveability and reduced vehicle emissions, the ECU monitors data from various sensors and controls functions such as the fuel injection system (air/fuel ratio), emission control devices and on-board diagnostics. The EGI system also incorporates computerized controls for the turbocharger, including a knock sensor, knock control unit and wastegate solenoid valve.

The ECU is a computer that judges air/fuel ratio as rich or lean according to a voltage signal generated by an oxygen sensor. Based on oxygen sensor and other input data, the ECU generates a controlling signal to the fuel injectors that regulates "ON" time. Because fuel pressure remains constant, the ECU controls air/fuel ratio adjustments by varying injector "ON" time.

To provide a margin of safety by maintaining driveability in the event of certain system failures, the ECU has a fail-safe mode of preprogrammed values. The output of the ECU will automatically switch to fail-safe mode if a fault is detected in any of these components and/or systems:

Airflow meter
Atmospheric pressure sensor
EGR position sensor
Feedback system
Intake air thermosensor
Knock sensor and control unit
Oxygen sensor
Throttle sensor
Water thermosensor

The EGI system incorporates self-diagnostic capability monitored via a dash mounted malfunction indicator lamp (MIL). When the system detects a fault in a monitored component and/or circuit, the lamp will light ("CHECK") and stay on (while the engine is running), alerting the driver to seek service. The technician can then extract trouble codes from the ECU to aid in the performance of efficient troubleshooting and repair.

Components can be grouped as ECU input and output devices. Input devices control or produce voltage signals monitored by the ECU. Output devices are components controlled by the ECU. Not all of these devices are monitored by the on-board diagnostic system.

INPUT DEVICES

A/C switch
Airflow meter (code 08)
Atmospheric pressure sensor (code 14)
Distributor Ne signal (code 02)
Distributor G1 signal (code 03)
Distributor G2 signal (code 04)
EC-AT control unit
EGR position sensor (code 16)
EC-AT control unit
Electrical load signal
Feedback system (code 17)
Idle switch
Ignition pulse (code 01)
Ignition switch ("START" position)
Inhibitor switch (A/T)
Intake air thermosensor (code 10)
Knock sensor and control unit (code 05)
Main fuse
Main relay
Neutral and clutch switches (M/T)
Oxygen sensor (code 15)
Power steering pressure switch
Stop light switch
Test connector
Throttle sensor (code 12)
Vehicle speed switch
Water thermosensor (code 09)

OUTPUT DEVICES

A/C relay
Bypass air control (BAC) valve
-Air valve
-Idle speed control (ISC) valve (code 34)
Circuit opening relay
EGR solenoid valve, vacuum side (code 28)
EGR solenoid valve, vent side (code 29)
Fuel injectors/injection timing
Igniter
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)
Pressure regulator solenoid valve (code 25)
Purge control solenoid valve (code 26)
Wastegate solenoid valve (code 42)