Alignment: Description and Operation

WHEEL ALIGNMENT ANGLES





Positive Camber

Negative Camber:

Negative Camber

Camber is the inward or outward tilting of the wheels at the top. When the wheel tilts out at the top, camber is positive (+). When the wheel tilts in at the top, camber is negative (-).

Camber is controlled by fixed vehicle dimensions and is not adjustable, but it is checked as a possible cause of a variety of suspension system problems. If not within specification, look for damaged suspension components, deteriorated bushings or distorted body mounting points.

Caster

1 Of 2:

A backward tilt of the strut ball joint centerline is positive (+) caster, and a forward tilt of the strut ball joint centerline is negative (-) caster.

Caster is controlled by fixed vehicle dimensions and is not adjustable, but it is checked as a possible cause of a variety of suspension system problems. If not within specifications, look for damaged suspension components, deteriorated bushings or distorted body mounting points.





Toe
When the wheels are turned in, toe is positive (+) (toe in). When the wheels are turned out, toe is negative (-) (toe out). Toe is measured in degrees, from side to side, and totaled.