Alignment: Description and Operation

WHEEL ALIGNMENT

DESCRIPTION
The angles at which suspension components operate in relation to the vehicle and wheel centerlines are calculated during vehicle design to provide maximum tire contact with the road throughout the full range of suspension travel. The checking of caster, camber and wheel toe-in or out is the measurement of these suspension angles at the wheels, and the possible adjustments are performed to ensure that the tires make maximum contact with the road at all times and cause the vehicle to track in a straight line when the front wheels are centered. Proper alignment of the front and rear wheels with the vehicle chassis and each other is essential for acceptable handling and to minimize tire wear.

Prior to checking wheel alignment, ensure that tires are properly matched (same size tires on each axle set), correctly inflated and uniformly worn. Ensure that wheel bearings are properly adjusted and that suspension components are not damaged or worn. Wheel alignment should be checked with the vehicle unloaded, as any abnormal or uneven loads affect ride height which, in turn, affects suspension operating angles (wheel alignment).

Only wheel toe-in or out is adjustable on these models. Caster and camber are not adjustable. However, they should be checked as possible causes of handling or tire wear complaints. If caster and camber are not within limits suspension components should be inspected for wear and damage, and replaced as needed. If control arms, stabilizers and bushings are in good condition, check vehicle body for distortion at suspension mounting points or for collision damage.