Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.

Exhaust System: Description and Operation

Catalytic Converters

The catalytic converter resembles a small muffler assembly. Because of the high temperatures at which the Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC)operates, the vehicle body areas around the TWC are protected by heat shields.The TWC controls three emissions; Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Oxides Of Nitrogen (NOx).