Starting and Charging: Description and Operation

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Electrical systems
R55, R56





Introduction
Now in its 2nd generation, the new MINI R56 continues to fascinate. The successor to the R50 has inherited the latest in BMW technology. This technology is based on the BMW 1-Series and the BMW 3-Series. This means that innovations can now be found in the lower compact class (UKL1+) that were previously the reserve of other vehicle classes.

In 08/07, the MINI Clubman (R55) will go into series production.
The MINI Clubman bonds in a very special way:
the sporty and sophisticated appeal of a two-door car with a plus in space and comfort. The unique design of the body is characterized by a club door on the passenger side and a split door at the rear of the vehicle.
The most important electrical modifications compared to the R56 are:
- modified locking system for the club door
- modified exterior lighting at the rear
- modified rear window wiper (2 wiper arms and modified actuation by the junction box electronics)
- modified central locking system for the split door
- modified aerial system for the split door
This BMW Service Technical bulletin gives an overview of the electrical systems in the new MINI. The electrical systems are ordered as follows:
- Drive [system overview ...]
- Chassis [system overview ...]
- Body [system overview ...]
The overviews of the electrical systems can be called up from this main document by clicking on the hotspots.
Electrical systems
The following section describes the key technical details of the new MINI.

- Electrical system
- Drive
- Chassis
- Body



Electrical system
The new MINI has the so-called Electrical System 2000. The Electrical System 2000 was introduced with the start of series production of the E65.
The Electrical System 2000 is made up of the following data buses:
- Body CAN K-CAN
- Media Oriented System Transport: MOST (from RAD2)
- Powertrain CAN PT-CAN
- Chassis CAN F-CAN (only with DSC)
- CAN interface for diagnosis: D-CAN (diagnosis-on CAN)
Between the diagnosis socket and the junction box electronics (JBE) there is now a CAN that acts as the diagnosis interface. The D-CAN interface has a higher data transfer rate (500 kBit/s). D-CAN is a twin-wire connection. D-CAN means: Diagnosis-on CAN













Note: Modified MOST network from 08/07.
The MOST port is located above the junction box and no longer above the footwell module. For this reason, the MOST network has a different appearance.





Drive
The MINI is equipped with the following engines and transmissions:

- Spark-ignition engines N12 and N14
These engines have been jointly developed by the BMW Group and the PSA Group.
The N12 engine is a 4-cylinder naturally aspirated engine with Valvetronic.
The N14 is a 4-cylinder turbocharged engine with direct injection and exhaust gas turbocharger.
On the spark-ignition engines, the junction box electronics (JBE) actuate the electric fuel pump.

Note: Detailed function descriptions of the N14 can be called up on the BMW diagnosis system at the relevant function interface.

- W16 diesel engine
The 4-cylinder diesel engine is also a joint development between the BMW Group and the PSA Group.
The W16 is equipped with a diesel particulate filter. The diesel particulate filter requires a fuel additive for regeneration. This means that it also has a separate tank and an additional additive pump.

- Manual transmission
The MINI is equipped as standard with a 6-speed manual transmission manufactured by GETRAG (GS6-53BG or GS6-55BG). The manual transmission has been given an additional 6th gear. The friction surfaces on the synchronization rings for the individual gears are coated with carbon. Compared to the predecessor transmission, the oblique-toothed and synchronized reverse gear is a new feature.
The COOPER S is equipped with a locking differential.

- Automatic transmission
The 6-speed automatic transmission manufactured by AISIN LTD (GA6F21WA) will be available 3 months after start of series production of the R56.
The 6-speed automatic transmission has been adapted to the new electrical system. The new engines meant that geometrical modification were needed in the engine compartment and on the transmission.
Further new features:
- Electronic interlock
- Discontinuation of reverse light switch (signal from EGS)
- M/S shift gate (as BMW)
- SPORT button (for shorter shift times)


Important: From 08/07 with automatic engine start/stop system (option 1CC).
MINI vehicles with manual transmission (spark-ignition engines and diesel engines) are equipped with an automatic engine start/stop system.
Automatic terminal 15 cutoff
Terminal 15 is automatically switched off by the signal from the door contact when the driver's door is opened or closed. Terminal 15 is permanently reactivated if the START/STOP button is then pressed. Perform this process before programming or diagnosing a vehicle.

Chassis
From an electrical point of view, the chassis has been modified for the following systems:

- Chassis regulation systems
The MINI is available with the following chassis regulation systems:
- Anti-lock brake system (ABS), basic equipment
- Anti-lock brake system plus traction (ABS+T), special equipment
- Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), optional for the R56, standard on the R55
The Run Flat Indicator (RPA) is integrated into all 3 systems.
DSC is supplied by TRW. DSC is functionally similar to the familiar DSC Mk60.
However, the MINI does not have Dynamic Traction Control (DTC).
Vehicles with DSC have the following additional components:
- Steering Column Switch (SZL) including steering angle sensor
- DSC sensor
- Chassis CAN (F-CAN)


- Electro-mechanical power steering
Compared to the predecessor model, the MINI has a pure electro-mechanical power steering system (Electronic Power Steering - EPS). The EPS is secured to the bottom of the steering column, close to the steering rack hydraulic steering gear.
EPS is a bus component on the powertrain CAN (PT-CAN).


Body
The following systems are described under "Body electrics/electronics":

- Power supply
Two software functions are of fundamental importance for the power supply:
- Energy management
The energy management system ensures that sufficient starting power is always available. Energy management monitors the vehicle even when the engine is not running. The energy management system comprises all components in the vehicle which generate, store and consume energy.
- Power management
The power management system is a subsystem of the energy management system. Power management is controlled by the engine control unit (DME or DDE: digital engine electronics or digital diesel electronics).
While the vehicle is in motion, power management regulates the output of the alternator and the battery charge.
The central element of the power supply is the junction box. The junction box consists of a power distributor and a control unit, the junction box electronics (JBE).
There is a power distributor in the luggage compartment: the rear fuse block. The fuse block is secured to the vehicle battery by a retaining clip.


- Car access system
The R56 is equipped with an advanced development of the CAS from the BMW 3-Series. This means the following components are also installed.
- START-STOP unit, comprising the START-STOP button and the remote control holder
- Electric steering lock (ELV, not on US version)

A new generation of electronic immobilizer will be introduced on vehicles with spark-ignition engine (4th generation EWS)
Here, the Car Access System (CAS) communicates with the digital engine electronics (DME). The CAS is responsible for terminal management and the comfort start. Moreover, the CAS is the master control unit for various system functions such as central locking and power windows.

- Comfort Access
Like the various BMW model series, the MINI now has a Comfort Access system.
Comfort Access can be used to carry out the following functions:
- Passive Entry
Opening the vehicle or luggage compartment without actively using the ID transmitter
- Passive Go
Engine start without actively using the ID transmitter
- Passive Exit
Closing the vehicle without actively using the ID transmitter

On the MINI, the arrangement of the individual aerials has been adapted to the vehicle concept. There is a button in the exterior door handle for locking and unlocking the vehicle. There are no exterior door handle electronics.


- Central locking system
The central locking uses the familiar technology.
The junction box electronics (JBE) actuates the central locking system. The JBE monitors the tailgate switch when the vehicle is unlocked.
The car access system (CAS) is the master control unit for the central locking.
The footwell module (FRM) monitors the door contacts. The evaluation of the microswitch in the driver's door locking cylinder also reports to the footwell module.

- Power windows
The power windows use the familiar technology.
The footwell module (FRM) actuates the power windows.
The Car Access System (CAS) is the master control unit for the power windows.
Special feature: On the US version, it is not possible to open/close the windows completely with a single touch of the button. The signal from the power windows switch is evaluated in the air-conditioning control unit.

- Door mirrors
The mirror adjustment switch is in the driver's door.
On the MINI, the mirror adjustment switch has the following functions:
- Adjusts the mirror surface of the left-hand exterior mirror
- Adjusts the mirror surface of the right-hand exterior mirror
- Folds the mirrors in and out
Folding the mirrors in and out is actuated by control unit for folding mirrors (in the luggage compartment). This control unit is not capable of diagnosis and is not connected to any of the bus systems.


- Anti-theft alarm system
The anti-theft alarm system on the MINI is based on the ultrasonic interior movement detector (USIS). The ultrasonic interior movement detector with its ultrasonic sensors is fitted in the new control panel in the roof.
The junction box electronics (JBE) actuates the emergency power siren with integrated tilt alarm sensor.
The DWA status display is new. There are 3 DWA LEDs behind the steering wheel in the instrument cluster. The LEDs simulate the pulse ("heartbeat") of the MINI.


- Park Distance Control
The MINI is equipped with Park Distance Control (PDC) in the rear.
With all equipment levels, the loudspeakers emit the PDC signals.
On vehicles with Car Communication Computer, a PDC picture is displayed on the Central Information Display. The PDC control unit is installed in the rear right of the luggage compartment. The PDC control unit has four channels.


- Sliding/tilting sunroof
The sliding/tilting sunroof has its own control unit. The MINI does not have a roof control center like that on the BMW 1-Series.
The sliding/tilting sunroof switch is in the overhead control panel.
The sliding/tilting sunroof comprises 2 glass panels, similar to the familiar Panorama glass roof. The rear glass panel can only be raised.
The sliding/tilting sunroof has a simple anti-trap circuit.


- Overhead control panel "High"
Depending on the special equipment fitted, there are different versions of the overhead control panel.
The overhead control panel is the central element for operating functions in the area of the roof. The overhead control panel is not a control unit and thus not connected to any of the bus systems.


- Seat heating
The switches for the seat heating are read by the air-conditioning control unit. The junction box electronics (JBE) actuates the seat heating modules. Neither seat heating module is a control unit.


- Trailer module
On the R56, the trailer module (AHM) as available as an item of special equipment. This means that a bicycle rack can be retrofitted on the MINI.
The AHM is not installed at the factory. The basic fittings in the wiring harness are not provided.
If it is retrofitted, the AHM is connected to the body CAN (K-CAN).
On the R55, the trailer module is available as an optional extra.


- Exterior lighting
With the option "Bi-xenon lights", the MINI is market leader in this segment.
The rain/light sensor is connected to the junction box electronics (JBE) via a LIN bus.
Special functions of the exterior lighting are:
- Daytime driving lights
The instrument cluster is then illuminated.
- Delayed switch-off
Here, the headlights are switched off with a delay after the vehicle is locked. Improved visibility when the vehicle is parked.
- Welcome light
Here, the side lights are switched on for a maximum of 20 seconds when the vehicle is unlocked.
The FRM (footwell module) actuates the exterior lighting.
On the R55, the tail lights have been modified to the shape of the body. The additional brake light is fitted to the end of the roof.


- Interior lighting
The interior lighting is switched on at the overhead control panel. There are various versions of the overhead control panel. There are various buttons in the overhead control panel: reading lights, rear interior lights, sliding/tilting sunroof and color of the ambient light.
New: The color selector switch can be used to change the color of the ambient light from orange to blue. There are openings for the ambient light in the overhead control panel, the insides of the doors and on the B-pillars.
The FRM (footwell module) actuates the interior lighting.


- Auxiliary instrument and instrument cluster
The auxiliary instrument on the steering column is connected to the K-CAN. The auxiliary instrument communicates with the instrument cluster, located in the middle of the dashboard, via a sub-bus.
There are various versions of the instrument cluster.
- 1-line LCD display on vehicles with Radio Wave (level 1)
- 2-line LCD display on vehicles with Radio Boost (level 2)
- 6.5 inch color display (Central Information Display: CID) on vehicles with Car Communication Computer (CCC), integrated in the instrument cluster
With integrated CID, the speed display is realized by means of a moving-disc instrument.


- Steering Column Switch
The MINI always has a Steering Column Switch (SZL).
On vehicles with Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) there is a steering angle sensor in the SZL. The Steering Column Switch is then connected to the F-CAN (chassis CAN) and to the PT-CAN (powertrain CAN).


- Climate control
The following 3 climate control versions are available on the MINI:
- Integrated heating control (IHS)
- Integrated heating and air-conditioning control (IHKS)
- Integrated automatic heating and air-conditioning system (IHKA)
Each of these control units is connected to the body CAN.
The air-recirculation flap is driven by a DC electric motor. The flap motors are conventionally connected (no LIN). On diesel vehicles, there is an integrated electric auxiliary heater.


- Multiple restraint system
An advanced development of the multiple restraint system (MRS) ensures passive safety.
The multiple restraint system strongly depends on the equipment fitted. On the US version, there is a seat position sensor on the driver's side and a seat occupancy mat on the front-passenger side.
The contacts in all the belt buckles are monitored for the visual belt warning. The R55 has no seat belt warning for the rear seats.
Side airbags are only needed in the rear compartment.
As an option, it is possible to deactivate the front-passenger airbag. The indicator light for the front-passenger airbag deactivation is in the overhead control panel. The switch for deactivating the front-passenger airbag is in the center console.


- MOST network
MOST means media oriented system transport MOST is a communication technology for multimedia applications developed for use in motor vehicles. The MOST bus is made of plastic fibre optics. Light pulses are used to transfer data. The MOST is constructed as a ring. Data transfer only runs in one direction. The physical direction of the light is from the master control unit to the connected control units. From the last control unit, the light goes back to the port of the master control unit. A 2nd MOST interface allows the network to be extended by further MOST control units.

> Modified MOST network from 08/07
The MOST port is located above the junction box and no longer above the footwell module. For this reason, the MOST network has a different appearance.


- Entertainment
The following 3 entertainment versions are available on the MINI:
- Radio level 1 (Wave)
- Radio level 2 (Boost)
- Car Communication Computer (CCC)
From Radio Boost, the MINI has a MOST.
The HiFi amplifier is not a MOST control unit, but rather connected to the body CAN (K-CAN). The number and version of the loudspeakers depends on the equipment fitted to the vehicle.
In US version, a satellite tuner (SDARS) or a digital tuner US (IBOC) are available as special equipment. SDARS: Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service. IBOC: In Band On Channel. SDARS and IBOC are available as special equipment. Only the basic MOST fittings are provided from the factory.
On the Europe version, a DAB tuner is available as special equipment. DAB: Digital Audio Broadcasting.
With the Communication Computer (CCC), the MINI is the technological leader in its segment. The Central Information Display (CID) is connected to the CCC via an LVDS data wire. LVDS: Low Voltage Differential Signalling.
Here, the CID is installed in the middle of the instrument cluster.
iDrive has the following functions in the MINI:
- Navigation
- Communication
- Entertainment
- Setup
With option 672, the CD changer (CDC) is fitted in the glove compartment.


- Television
Analogue and digital television are also available as special equipment in conjunction with the CCC. The video module allows the reception of terrestrially transmitted analogue and digital television signals. Different video modules are used, depending on the national version concerned.
DVB-T digital television gives the best quality TV reception in the vehicle. The two TV aerials are fitted in the rear window.


- Telephone
2 special equipment versions are available for the telephone:
- Option 644: basic fittings for mobile phone with bluetooth interface
- Option 640: basic fittings for carphone (not for US)
The interface box (ULF-SBX) is an advanced development from the BMW models. Up to 4 bluetooth-compatible mobile phones can be signed on in turn to the vehicle. The ULF-SBX is not a transceiver unit. The control unit merely serves to connect individual mobile phones with bluetooth interface to the vehicle. The ULF-SBX is located under the driver's seat.
The GPS aerial for mobile phones is located in the roof-mounted aerial. The bluetooth aerial is located behind the steering column trim. The hands-free microphone for making telephone calls and for issuing voice commands to the telephone is located in the overhead control panel.
Depending on the bluetooth mobile phone used, a specific snap-in adapter will be needed. Depending on the telephone concerned, the snap-in adapter is available from the MINI accessories department.
The MOST interfaces needed for the basic fittings for carphone are fitted at the factory. The components are retrofitted as special equipment.
Two new items of optional equipment are available on the MINI for combination with a USB audio interface:
- Option 6ND: Bluetooth hands-free system with USB audio interface
(without basic fittings for snap-in adapter with recharging facility)
- Option 6NE: basic fittings for bluetooth mobile phone with USB audio interface
In this case, the vehicle has an interface box High (ULF-SBX-H).


- Voice input
There are two voice input systems on the MINI:
- Basic voice input with ULF-SBX
- High voice input with CCC
Basic voice input only enables operation of the telephone.
High voice input enables operation of the following functions:
Communication, navigation, entertainment and settings.
Commands are picked up by a microphone in the overhead control panel. Depending on the equipment fitted, the commands are then processed by the interface box (ULF-SBX) or the Car Communication Computer (CCC).
The push-to-talk button in the multi-function steering wheel activates voice input. Feedback is given acoustically through the audio system and visually via the menu display on the Central Information Display (only with High voice input).


Subject to change.