Inspection
CYLINDER BLOCK
Inspection After Disassembly
CRANKSHAFT END PLAY
- Measure the clearance between thrust bearings and crankshaft arm when crankshaft is moved fully forward or backward with a dial indicator (A).
- If the measured value exceeds the limit, replace thrust bearings, and measure again. If it still exceeds the limit, replace crankshaft also.
CONNECTING ROD SIDE CLEARANCE
- Measure the side clearance between connecting rod and crankshaft arm with a feeler gauge (A).
- If the measured value exceeds the limit, replace connecting rod, and measure again. If it still exceeds the limit, replace crankshaft also.
PISTON TO PISTON PIN OIL CLEARANCE
Piston Pin Hole Diameter
Measure the inner diameter of piston pin hole with an inside micrometer (A).
Standard: 19.993 - 19.999 mm (0.7871 - 0.7874 in)
Piston Pin Outer Diameter
Measure the outer diameter of piston pin with a micrometer (A).
Standard: 19.989 - 19.995 mm (0.7870 - 0.7872 in)
Piston to Piston Pin Oil Clearance
(Piston to piston pin oil clearance) = (Piston pin hole diameter) � (Piston pin outer diameter)
Standard: 0.002 - 0.006 mm (0.0001 - 0.0002 in)
- If oil clearance is out of the standard, replace piston and piston pin assembly.
- When replacing piston and piston pin assembly, follow the "Piston to Cylinder Bore Clearance" procedure.
NOTE:
- Piston is available together with piston pin as assembly.
- Piston pin (piston pin hole) grade is provided only for the parts installed at the plant. For service parts, no grades can be selected. (Only grade "0" is available.)
PISTON RING SIDE CLEARANCE
- Measure the side clearance of piston ring and piston ring groove with a feeler gauge (A).
- If the measured value exceeds the limit, replace piston ring, and measure again. If it still exceeds the limit, replace piston also.
PISTON RING END GAP
- Make sure that cylinder bore inner diameter is within specification. Follow the "Cylinder Bore Inner Diameter" procedure.
- Lubricate with new engine oil to piston (1) and piston ring (2), and then insert (A) piston ring until middle of cylinder (B) with piston, and measure piston ring end gap with a feeler gauge (C).
- If the measured value exceeds the limit, replace piston ring, and measure again.
CONNECTING ROD BEND AND TORSION
- Check with a connecting rod aligner.
C : Feeler gauge
- If it exceeds the limit, replace connecting rod assembly.
CONNECTING ROD BIG END DIAMETER
- Install connecting rod cap (1) without connecting rod bearing installed, and tightening connecting rod bolts to the specified torque. Refer to Disassembly And Assembly for the tightening procedure.
2 : Connecting rod
A : Example
B : Measuring direction of inner diameter
- Measure the inner diameter of connecting rod big end with an inside micrometer.
Standard: 47.000 - 47.013 mm (1.8504 - 1.8509 in)
- If out of the standard, replace connecting rod assembly.
CONNECTING ROD BUSHING OIL CLEARANCE
Connecting Rod Bushing Inner Diameter
Measure the inner diameter of connecting rod bushing with an inside micrometer (A).
Standard: 20.000 - 20.012 mm (0.7874 - 0.7879 in)
Piston Pin Outer Diameter
Measure the outer diameter of piston pin with a micrometer (A).
Standard: 19.989 - 19.995 mm (0.7870 - 0.7872 in)
Connecting Rod Bushing Oil Clearance
(Connecting rod bushing oil clearance) = (Connecting rod bushing inner diameter) - (Piston pin outer diameter)
- If the measured value is out of the standard, replace connecting rod assembly and/or piston and piston pin assembly.
- If replacing piston and piston pin assembly, follow the "PISTON TO PISTON PIN OIL CLEARANCE" procedure.
- If replacing connecting rod assembly, follow the "Connecting Rod Bushing Oil Clearance" procedure to select connecting rod bearing.
CYLINDER BLOCK TOP SURFACE DISTORTION
- Using a scraper, remove gasket on the cylinder block surface, and also remove engine oil, scale, carbon, or other contamination.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to allow gasket flakes to enter engine oil or engine coolant passages.
- Measure the distortion on the cylinder block upper face at some different points in six directions with a straight edge (A) and feeler gauge (B).
Limit: 0.1 mm (0.004 in)
- If it exceeds the limit, replace cylinder block.
MAIN BEARING HOUSING INNER DIAMETER
- Install main bearing cap without main bearings installed, and tighten main bearing cap bolts to the specified torque. Refer to Disassembly And Assembly for the tightening procedure.
- Measure the inner diameter of main bearing housing with a bore gauge.
- Measure the position shown [5 mm (0.20 in)] backward from main bearing housing front side in the 2 directions as shown. The smaller one is the measured value.
1 : Cylinder block
2 : Main bearing cap
Arrow Indicates Engine front
Standard: 55.997 - 56.017 mm (2.2046 - 2.2054 in)
- If out of the standard, replace cylinder block and main bearing caps assembly.
NOTE:
Main bearing caps cannot be replaced as a single part, because it is machined together with cylinder block.
PISTON TO CYLINDER BORE CLEARANCE
Cylinder Bore Inner Diameter
- Using a bore gauge (A), measure the cylinder bore for wear, out-of-round and taper at six different points on each cylinder. [(X) and (Y) directions at (A), (B) and (C)] [(Y) is in longitudinal direction of engine].
NOTE:
When determining cylinder bore grade, measure the cylinder bore (X) direction at (B) position.
- If the measured value exceeds the limit, or if there are scratches and/or seizure on the cylinder inner wall, replace cylinder block.
NOTE:
Oversize piston is not provided.
Piston Skirt Diameter
Measure the outer diameter of piston skirt with a micrometer (A).
Piston to Cylinder Bore Clearance
Calculate by piston skirt diameter and cylinder bore inner diameter [direction (X), position (B)].
(Clearance) = (Cylinder bore inner diameter) - (Piston skirt diameter)
- If it exceeds the limit, replace piston and piston pin assembly and/or cylinder block. Refer to Service and Repair.
CRANKSHAFT MAIN JOURNAL DIAMETER
- Measure the outer diameter of crankshaft main journals with a micrometer (A).
Standard: 51.959 - 51.979 mm (2.0456 - 2.0464 in) dia.
- If out of the standard, measure the main bearing oil clearance.
Then use undersize bearing. Follow the "MAIN BEARING OIL CLEARANCE" procedure.
CRANKSHAFT PIN JOURNAL DIAMETER
- Measure the outer diameter of crankshaft pin journal with a micrometer.
Standard: 43.953 - 43.971 mm (1.7304-1.7311 in) dia.
- If out of the standard, measure the connecting rod bearing oil clearance. Then use undersize bearing. Follow the "CONNECTING ROD BEARING OIL CLEARANCE" procedure.
OUT-OF-ROUND AND TAPER OF CRANKSHAFT
- Measure the dimensions at four different points as shown on each main journal and pin journal with a micrometer.
- Out-of-round is indicated by the difference in dimensions between (X) and (Y) at (A) and (B).
- Taper is indicated by the difference in dimension between (A) and (B) at (X) and (Y).
- If the measured value exceeds the limit, correct or replace crankshaft.
- If corrected, measure the bearing oil clearance of the corrected main journal and/or pin journal. Then select main bearing and/or connecting rod bearing. Follow the "MAIN BEARING OIL CLEARANCE" and/or "CONNECTING ROD BEARING OIL CLEARANCE" procedures.
CRANKSHAFT RUNOUT
- Place a V-block on a precise flat table to support the journals on the both end of the crankshaft.
- Place a dial indicator (A) straight up on the No. 3 journal.
- While rotating crankshaft, read the movement of the pointer on the dial indicator. (Total indicator reading)
- If it exceeds the limit, replace crankshaft.
CONNECTING ROD BEARING OIL CLEARANCE
Method by Calculation
- Install connecting rod bearings (2) to connecting rod (3) and connecting rod bearing cap (1), and tighten connecting rod bolts to the specified torque. Refer to Disassembly And Assembly for tightening procedure.
A : Example
B : Inner diameter measuring direction
- Measure the inner diameter of connecting rod bearing with an inside micrometer.
(Bearing oil clearance) = (Connecting rod bearing inner diameter) - (Crankshaft pin journal diameter)
- If clearance exceeds the limit, select proper connecting rod bearing according to connecting rod big end diameter and crankshaft pin journal diameter to obtain specified bearing oil clearance. Refer to Service and Repair.
Method of Using Plastigage
- Remove engine oil and dust on crankshaft pin and the surfaces of each bearing completely.
- Cut a plastigage slightly shorter than the bearing width, and place it in crankshaft axial direction, avoiding oil holes.
- Install connecting rod bearings to connecting rod and cap, and tighten connecting rod bolts to the specified torque. Refer to Disassembly And Assembly for the tightening procedure.
CAUTION:
Never rotate crankshaft.
- Remove connecting rod cap and bearing, and using the scale (A) on the plastigage bag, measure the plastigage width.
NOTE:
The procedure when the measured value exceeds the limit is same as that described in the "Method by Calculation".
MAIN BEARING OIL CLEARANCE
Method by Calculation
- Install main bearings (3) to cylinder block (1) and main bearing cap (2), and tighten main bearing cap bolts to the specified torque. Refer to Disassembly And Assembly for the tightening procedure.
A : Example
B : Inner diameter measuring direction
- Measure the inner diameter of main bearing with a bore gauge.
(Bearing oil clearance) = (Main bearing inner diameter) - (Crankshaft main journal diameter)
- If clearance exceeds the limit, select proper main bearing according to main bearing inner diameter and crankshaft main journal diameter to obtain specified bearing oil clearance. Refer to Service and Repair.
Method of Using Plastigage
- Remove engine oil and dust on crankshaft main journal and the surfaces of each bearing completely.
- Cut a plastigage slightly shorter than the bearing width, and place it in crankshaft axial direction, avoiding oil holes.
- Install main bearings to cylinder block and main bearing cap, and tighten main bearing cap bolts to the specified torque. Refer to Disassembly And Assembly for the tightening procedure.
CAUTION:
Never rotate crankshaft.
- Remove main bearing cap and bearings, and using the scale (A) on the plastigage bag, measure the plastigage width.
NOTE:
The procedure when the measured value exceeds the limit is same as that described in the "Method by Calculation".
MAIN BEARING CRUSH HEIGHT
- When main bearing cap is removed after being tightened to the specified torque with main bearings (1) installed, the tip end of bearing must protrude (B). Refer to Disassembly And Assembly for the tightening procedure.
A : Example
Standard : There must be crush height.
- If the standard is not met, replace main bearings.
CONNECTING ROD BEARING CRUSH HEIGHT
- When connecting rod bearing cap is removed after being tightened to the specified torque with connecting rod bearings (1) installed, the tip end of bearing must protrude. Refer to Disassembly And Assembly for the tightening procedure (B).
A : Example
Standard : There must be crush height.
- If the standard is not met, replace connecting rod bearings.
MAIN BEARING CAP BOLT OUTER DIAMETER
- Measure the outer diameters [(d1), (d2)] at two positions as shown.
A : (d1) measuring position
B : (d2) measuring position
- If reduction appears in places other than (B) range, regard it as
(d2).
Limit [(d1) - (d2)]: 0.15 mm (0.0059 in)
- If it exceeds the limit (a large difference in dimensions), replace main bearing cap bolt with a new one.
CONNECTING ROD BOLT OUTER DIAMETER
- Measure the outer diameter (d) at position as shown.
- If reduction appears in a position other than (d), regard it as (d).
Limit: 7.75 mm (0.3051 in)
- When (d) exceeds the limit (when it becomes thinner), replace connecting rod bolt with a new one.
CLOGGED OR DAMAGED OIL FILTER (FOR INTAKE VALVE TIMING CONTROL)
- Make sure that there is no foreign material on the oil filter and check it for clogging.
- Clean it if necessary.
- Check the oil filter for damage.
- Replace it if necessary.
FLYWHEEL DEFLECTION (M/T MODELS)
- Measure the deflection of flywheel contact surface to clutch with a dial indicator (A).
- Measure the deflection at 210 mm (8.27 in) diameter.
Limit : 0.45 mm (0.0177 in) or less.
- If measured value is out of the standard, replace flywheel.
- If a trace of burn or discoloration is found on the surface, repair it with sandpaper.
CAUTION:
When measuring, keep magnetic fields (such as dial indicator stand) away from signal plate of the rear end of crankshaft.
MOVEMENT AMOUNT OF FLYWHEEL (M/T MODELS)
CAUTION:
Never disassemble double mass flywheel.
Movement Amount of Thrust (Fore-and-Aft) Direction
- Measure the movement amount of thrust (fore-and-aft) direction when 100 N (10.2 kg, 22 lb) force is added at the portion of 125 mm (4.92 in) radius from the center of flywheel.
Standard : 1.8 mm (0.071 in) or less
- If measured value is out of the standard, replace flywheel.
Movement Amount in Radial (Rotation) Direction
Check the movement amount of radial (rotation) direction with the following procedure:
1. Install clutch cover bolt (1) to clutch cover mating hole, and place a torque wrench (A) on the extended line of the flywheel (2) center line.
- Tighten bolt at a force of 9.8 N.m (1.0 kg-m, 87 in-lb) to keep it from loosening.
2. Put a mating mark on circumferences of the two flywheel masses without applying any load (Measurement standard points).
3. Apply a force of 9.8 N.m (1.0 kg-m, 87 in-lb) in each direction, and mark the movement amount on the mass on the transaxle side.
4. Measure the dimensions of movement amounts (A) and (B) on circumference of the flywheel on the transaxle side.
Limit: 33.2 mm (1.307 in) or less.
- If measured value is out of the standard, replace flywheel.