Part 1
WM 449503 Suspension alignment, complete
Tools
Tools and materials
The suspension alignment of the Cayenne differs only in minor respects from that of conventional suspension alignment. These are vehicle height adjustment, wheel-load difference from left to right, special tools and corrections to wheel alignment.
Tools
Modified quick-clamping holders -figure- (for fastening the measured-value pickups on the wheels) are used for the Cayenne. These measured-value pickups are positioned (with the claws first) centrally in the centre of the rim and tautened clockwise in the rim with the straining ring. The order number for the new clamping units will be included in Tools and Equipment.
Quick-clamping holder
Existing quick-clamping holders (old version) can be retrofitted by replacing the left and right clamping units.
Suspension alignment, complete
Information on vehicle height/wheel load
In the case of the Cayenne, the body is supported on suspension subframes at the front and rear axles. This means that bumps in the road are absorbed by the chassis and do not reach the body. In certain cases (e.g. after removal and installation of power unit) the alignment values may not be reached. In such cases, the suspension subframe may be shifted slightly.
The suspension alignment of the Cayenne differs only in minor respects from that of conventional suspension alignment. This applies to both the front and the rear axles.
The varying strength spring shim, at the bottom between coil springs and spring seats (on the right and left spring struts of the front and rear axles) is not intended for changing the vehicle height but for compensating for differences in coil-spring load groups.
If the differences in wheel load are too large, the arrangement of the coil springs (same coil springs left/right) and the arrangement of the shims at the bottom (same shims at bottom left/right) must be checked. Only coil springs and bottom shims with the same colour coding should be installed on left and right.
Due to varying equipment versions (optional extras) a maximum difference in wheel load of 40 kg from left to right is permitted per axle. This results partly from heavier components compared with standard equipment and partly from additional components being asymmetrically arranged.
Information
- In general, the following applies: max. 40 kg wheel load difference left to right per axle. However, no more than 60 kg difference in total between front axle and rear axle.
- In other words: A maximum of 40 kg at one axle and a maximum of 20 kg at the other axle.
Special notes for vehicles with air suspension
If the vehicle is a Cayenne with air suspension, it must be adjusted to normal level. Adjust from the low level to the normal level for the vehicle. Only align and adjust the vehicle in this position.
If the control unit or one of the self-levelling sensors has been replaced, a calibration must be carried out with the Porsche System Tester.
Adjust vehicle to normal level:
Stop vehicle and apply brake.
Close vehicle doors.
Tap the right-hand rocker switch on the centre console in the appropriate direction until vehicle has reached the low level. Then adjust to the vehicle's normal level. The middle indicator light next to the rocker switch is permanently on. If a further indicator light should come on, a different level is set.
To avoid level adjustment of the air suspension during alignment, switch off level adjustment and switch it back on again when the work is complete. => Lifting the vehicle, section on "Switching off level adjustment".
Information about wheel-alignment corrections for rear axle
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
The kinematic toe-in and caster cannot be adjusted.
Camber and toe can be adjusted via eccentric adjusters.
Information about wheel-alignment corrections for front axle
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
The steering-angle sensor must be calibrated if the previous wheel alignment values (on rear and/or front axle) have been changed => 456005 Initialising and calibrating steering-angle sensor.
After adjusting the toe, the lock nuts on the tie rods must be tightened to the specified tightening torque of 70 Nm (52 ftlb.).
Use correct tightening torques.
General procedure for suspension alignment
Information
- Carry out suspension alignment with an optical or electronic wheel alignment tester.
- The measurement procedures should be taken from the operating instructions for the wheel alignment tester used.
To exclude erroneous measurements, the following preconditions must be met before alignment and the following points should be given special attention:
Curb weight of vehicle, i.e. vehicle in running condition, fully tanked with tyre repair kit or spare wheel and tools.
Ball-joint and wheel-bearing play in order (wheel-bearing play cannot be adjusted).
Tyre pressure in accordance with specifications, fairly uniform tyre tread.
Quick-clamping holder for Cayenne (for the measured-value pickups) correctly fastened to the wheels.
Receiving surfaces for the quick-clamping holder on the wheels must be clean and flat. In particular, always accurately check the levelling surface on the wheels before fitting the quick-clamping holders.
Strictly comply with maintenance intervals for measuring equipment and measuring platform. If the levelling of the measuring platform or of the measuring area is done in-house, levelling equipment is required. A hose level is inadequate.
Skilled handling of measuring equipment and measuring platform.
Sliding plates with transverse motion (rotary motion) at the rear axle are advisable.
Observe the Technical Literature of Porsche AG, the manufacturer of the measuring equipment and the manufacturer of the measuring platform.
Do not treat measured values as a whole, but very critically in regard to driving dynamics, high-speed strength of the tyres, tyre wear and cost/benefit effects (time required for correction of unimportant deviations). The toe values are critical for driving dynamics and tyre wear.
If the vehicle is measured front and rear, check and adjust the wheel alignment values at the rear axle first. Camber values at the front axle apply for the straight-ahead position of the wheels. Steering wheel and steering gear in centre position when toe is being adjusted.
Before wheel alignment values are adjusted at the front and rear axles, it is recommended that the vehicle height be checked at curb weight. Conclusions can then be drawn about wheel alignment values in the event of any suspension alignment that becomes necessary later.
Vehicle height (vehicle height check) - General
The vehicle height at front and rear axle is not adjustable.
The check points for the vehicle height can be found in the following description.
Vehicle height (vehicle height check) - Preliminary work
1. To carry out height check, position ready-to-drive vehicle (fully tanked with tyre repair kit or spare wheel and tools) on a flat surface or on the measuring station. In the case of vehicles with air suspension, the normal vehicle level must be set. Adjust from the low level to the normal level for the vehicle. Normal level means: Start the engine so that the compressor is running. If there is sufficient air in the pressure tanks, the engine does not need to be started. Tap the right-hand rocker switch on the centre console in the appropriate direction until vehicle has reached the low level. Then adjust to the vehicle's normal level. The middle indicator light next to the rocker switch is permanently on. If a further indicator light should come on, a different level is set.
2. To avoid level adjustment of the air suspension during alignment, switch off level adjustment and switch it back on again when the work is complete. => Lifting the vehicle, section on "Switching off level adjustment".
3. Compress vehicle at front and rear axles by approximately 25 mm 2-3 times and allow it to spring back freely.
Vehicle height (vehicle height check) - rear axle
The measurement is made from the wheel contact area to the bottom edge of the side member of the suspension subframe -A- (in front of drain bore at connection point of control arm to suspension subframe).
Measuring point for vehicle height - rear axle
Vehicle height (vehicle height check) - front axle
The measurement is made from the wheel contact area to the bottom edge of the side member -A- of the front axle suspension subframe (between camber and caster eccentric).
Measuring point for vehicle height - front axle
Vehicle height (vehicle height check) - wheel alignment
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
WARNING
Steering-angle sensor not calibrated or calibrated incorrectly
- Unexpected vehicle handling
- Steering-angle sensor does not function
- Malfunction in steering-angle sensor
-> After working on wheel suspension parts, when replacing the steering-angle sensor and after changing the wheel alignment values, calibrate the steering-angle sensor using PIWIS Tester II 9818.
-> Keep the front wheels in straight-ahead position on the measuring platform during calibration.
-> On vehicles with electromechanical steering, also re-teach the electric steering lock settings.
Only check or adjust wheel-alignment values when prescribed preconditions are met.
If the vehicle is measured front and rear, check and adjust the rear axle first.
After adjustment, tighten the appropriate screw connections to the specified tightening torque.
The steering-angle sensor must be calibrated if the previous wheel alignment values (on rear and/or front axle) have been changed=> 456005 Initialising and calibrating steering-angle sensor.