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Part 1

14 COMPREHENSIVE COMPONENTS MONITORING

14.1 Circuit Monitoring Power Stages for the Injection Valves

14.1.1 Input Line (High-Side), Short to Battery/Ground or Short to Output Line (Low-Side)

Monitoring Strategy
The current in the input line of the injection valves is continuously monitored.

Typical Enable Conditions
For all monitors:
- Engine speed greater than defined threshold value

For short to battery:
- Current at the output of the power stage greater than defined threshold value

Malfunction Criteria
- Short to ground, P2146, P2149
(Injection valves power stage A: P2146, injection valves power stage B: P2149)
If the current in the input line of the injection valves is greater than a defined upper threshold value for a defined time period, a short to ground is detected and a fault is stored in the fault memory.

- Short to battery and short to the output line, P2146, P2149
(Injection valves power stage A: P2146, injection valves power stage B: P2149)
If the current in the input line of the injection valves is less than a defined lower threshold value for a defined time period, a short to battery or a short between the input line and the output line is detected and a fault is stored in the fault memory.

14.1.2 Output Line (Low-Side) - Short to Battery/Ground, Open Circuit or "Valve Timing Monitor" Fault

Monitoring Strategy
The current in the output line of the injection valves is continuously monitored.

Typical Enable Conditions
For all monitors:
- Engine speed greater than defined threshold value

For short to ground:
- Current at the input of the power stage greater than defined threshold value

For short to battery and "valve timing monitor" fault:
- Injection valve activated (open)

Malfunction Criteria
- Short to ground, P0261, P0264, P0267, P0270
(cylinder 1: P0261, cylinder 2: P0264, cylinder 3: P0267, cylinder 4: P0270)
If the current in the output line of the injection valves is less than a defined lower threshold value for a defined time period, a short to ground is detected and a fault is stored in the fault memory.

- Short to battery, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271
(cylinder 1: P0262, cylinder 2: P0265, cylinder 3: P0268, cylinder 4: P0271)
If the current in the output line of the injection valves is greater than a defined upper threshold value for a defined time period, a short to battery is detected and a fault is stored in the fault memory.

- Open circuit, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204
(cylinder 1: P0201, cylinder 2: P0202, cylinder 3: P0203, cylinder 4: P0204)
If the current in the output line of the injection valves is less than a defined lower threshold value for a defined time period, an open circuit is detected and a fault is stored in the fault memory.

- "Valve timing monitor" fault, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204
(cylinder 1: P0201, cylinder 2: P0202, cylinder 3: P0203, cylinder 4: P0204)
If a fault is detected by the internal valve timing monitoring function, a fault is stored in the fault memory.

14.1.3 Signal Transmission Fault

Monitoring Strategy
The signal transmission is continuously monitored.

Typical Enable Conditions
- Engine speed greater than defined threshold value

Malfunction Criteria
Signal transmission fault, P062B:
If a fault is detected by the internal signal monitoring function, a fault is stored in the fault memory.

14.2 Circuit Monitoring Power Stage for the Ignition Coils

14.2.1 Short to Battery/Ground or Open Circuit

Monitoring Strategy
For short to ground and open circuit:
The current at the output of the ignition coil power stage is continuously monitored by the ECM.

For short to battery:
The voltage at the output of the ignition coil power stage is continuously monitored by the ECM.

Typical Enable Conditions
- Engine speed greater than defined threshold value

Malfunction Criteria
Short to ground, P2300, P2303, P2306, P2309:
(Cylinder 1: P2300, cylinder 2: P2303, cylinder 3: P2306, cylinder 4: P2309)
If the current at the output of the ignition coil power stage in the ECM is greater than a defined upper threshold value for a defined time period, a short to ground is detected and a fault is stored in the fault memory.

Short to battery, P2301, P2304, P2307, P2310:
(Cylinder 1: P2301, cylinder 2: P2304, cylinder 3: P2307, cylinder 4: P2310)
If the voltage at the output of the ignition coil power stage in the ECM is greater than a defined upper threshold value for a defined time period, a short to battery is detected and a fault is stored in the fault memory.

Open circuit, P0351, P0352, P0353, P0354:
(Cylinder 1: P0351, cylinder 2: P0352, cylinder 3: P0353, cylinder 4: P0354)
If the current at the output of the ignition coil power stage in the ECM is in a defined lower range for a defined time period, or a fault is detected by the internal monitoring function, an open circuit is detected and a fault is stored in the fault memory.

14.2.2 Signal Transmission Fault

Monitoring Strategy
The signal transmission is continuously monitored.

Typical Enable Conditions (Details see Summary Table)
- Engine speed greater than defined threshold value

Malfunction Criteria
Signal transmission fault, P0606:
If a fault is detected by the internal signal monitoring function, a fault is stored in the fault memory.

14.3 Idle Speed Control

14.3.1 General Description
The idle speed should be as constant as possible under any operating condition. It should be set so as to allow a fast throttle response while also maintaining optimum exhaust gas emission levels and fuel consumption. The idle speed control regulates the air mass provided to the engine at idle speed.

14.3.2 Engine Speed Deviation to Setpoint Value (warm engine) - P0506, P0507

Monitoring Strategy
The difference between the setpoint engine idle speed and the actual engine idle speed is compared to a calibrated threshold value.

Typical Enable Conditions
- Time since engine-on > defined threshold value
- Vehicle speed = 0 km/h
- Engine running at idle speed (accelerator pedal angle = 0)
- Altitude < 2700 m (8858ft) above sea level
- Engine temperature > threshold value
- Intake air temperature > threshold value
- No external torque request
- Only for manual transmission: Engine load < defined threshold value

Malfunction Criteria
Engine Speed Less than setpoint value - P0506:
If the difference between the setpoint engine speed and the measured engine speed is greater than a defined positive threshold value and the integrator of the idle speed control is greater than or equal to a modeled upper threshold value, an idle speed is detected which is too low. If this state persists for a defined time period, the corresponding fault is stored in the fault memory.

Engine speed greater than setpoint value - P0507:
If the difference between the setpoint engine speed and the measured engine speed is less than a defined negative threshold value and the integrator of the idle speed control is less than or equal to a modeled lower threshold value, an idle speed is detected which is too high. If this state persists for a defined time period, the corresponding fault is stored in the fault memory.

If the throttle remains open too wide at idle speed, the engine may continuously switch between activating and deactivating the deceleration fuel cut-off. This way, the integrator of the idle speed control would never reach a threshold value and a potential fault could not be detected. For this reason, the number of transitions into the deceleration fuel cut-off phases are monitored and compared to a defined threshold value. If this number exceeds a defined threshold value during a phase with active idle speed control, the fault "Engine speed in idle too high" is stored in the fault memory.

14.3.3 Engine Speed Rationality Fault - P0506

Monitoring Strategy
Monitoring for engine surges or impermissible engine speed oscillations

Typical Enable Conditions
- Time since engine-on > defined threshold value
- Vehicle speed = 0 km/h
- Engine running at idle speed (accelerator pedal angle = 0)
- Altitude < 2700 m (8858ft) above sea level
- Engine temperature > threshold value
- Intake air temperature > threshold value
- No external torque request

Malfunction Criteria
A rationality fault is detected when engine speed oscillations greater than the setpoint idle speed oscillation repeatedly occur and the total sum of the areas formed by these positive and negative engine speed gradients exceeds a calibrated threshold (see illustration below).










14.3.4 Engine Speed in Idle too high / too low - P050A (during cold start)
The idle speed increase helps the catalyst reach its operating temperature faster by completing more combustion cycles per time unit than in normal idle speed and thus achieving higher mass air flow rates.

Monitoring Strategy
The engine speed must not exceed the upper threshold value or fall below the lower threshold value for longer than a defined time period.

Typical Enable Conditions
- Altitude less than 2700 meters (8858ft) above sea level
- Engine running in idle speed (accelerator pedal position = 0)
- Vehicle speed = 0
- commanded idle speed increase for catalyst heating is active
- No external torque request
- Only for manual transmission: engine load < defined threshold value

Malfunction Criteria

Engine speed in idle too low:
If the difference between the setpoint speed and the measured speed is greater than a defined positive threshold value and the integrator of the idle speed control is greater than or equal to a modeled upper threshold value, an idle speed is detected which is too low. If this state persists for a defined time period, the corresponding fault is stored in the fault memory.

Engine speed in idle too high:
If the difference between the setpoint speed and the measured speed is less than a defined negative threshold value and the integrator of the idle speed control is less than or equal to a modeled lower threshold value, an idle speed is detected which is too high. If this state persists for a defined time period, the corresponding fault is stored in the fault memory.

If the throttle remains open too wide at idle speed, the engine may continuously switch between activating and deactivating the deceleration fuel cut-off. This way, the integrator of the idle speed control would never reach a threshold value and a potential fault could not be detected. For this reason, the number of transitions into the deceleration fuel cut-off phases are monitored and compared to a defined threshold value. If this number exceeds a defined threshold value during a catalyst heating phase, the fault "Engine speed in idle too high" is stored in the fault memory.






14.3.5 Engine Speed Rationality Fault - P050A (during cold start)
The idle speed increase helps the catalyst reach its operating temperature faster by completing more combustion cycles per time unit than in normal idle speed and thus achieving higher mass air flow rates.

Monitoring Strategy
Monitoring for engine surge or impermissible engine speed oscillations

Typical Enable Conditions
- Altitude less than 2700 meters (8858ft) above sea level
- Engine running in idle speed (accelerator pedal position = 0)
- Vehicle speed = 0
- Commanded idle speed increase for catalyst heating is active
- No external torque request

Malfunction Criteria
A rationality fault is detected when engine speed oscillations greater than the setpoint idle speed fluctuation continuously occur and the total sum of the areas formed from these positive and negative engine speed gradients exceed a calibratable threshold (see illustration below).




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