Cylinder Block Assembly: Service and Repair
A: REMOVAL1. RELATED PARTS
1. Remove timing belt, camshaft sprockets and related parts.
2. Remove cylinder heads.
3. Remove water pipe.
2. OIL PUMP AND WATER PUMP
1. Remove clutch housing cover (MT vehicles only).
2. Remove flywheel (MT vehicles only) or drive plate (AT vehicles only). Using ST, lock crankshaft.
ST 498497100 CRANKSHAFT STOPPER
3. Remove oil separator cover.
4. Remove water by-pass pipe for heater.
5. Remove water by-pass pipe between oil cooler and water pump (AT vehicles only).
6. Remove water pump.
7. Remove oil pump from cylinder block. Use a flat-bladed screwdriver as shown in figure when removing oil pump.
CAUTION: Be careful not to scratch the mating surface of cylinder block and oil pump.
8. Removal of oil pan
1. Turn cylinder block with #2 and #4 piston sides facing upward.
2. Remove bolts which secure oil pan to cylinder block.
3. Insert a oil pan cutter blade between cylinder block-to-oil pan clearance and remove oil pan.
CAUTION: Do not use a screwdriver or similar tool in place of oil pan cutter.
9. Remove oil strainer stay.
10. Remove oil strainer.
11. Remove baffle plate.
12. Remove oil filter using ST
ST 498187300 OIL FILTER WRENCH
13. Remove oil cooler (AT vehicles only).
B: DISASSEMBLY
1: PISTON PIN AND CYLINDER BLOCK CONNECTING BOLT
1. Remove service hole cover and service hole plugs using hexagon wrench [14 mm (0.55 inch)].
2. Rotate crankshaft to bring #1 and #2 pistons to bottom dead center position, then remove piston circlip through service hole of #1 and #2 cylinders.
3. Draw out piston pin from #1 and #2 pistons using ST
ST 499097700 PISTON PIN REMOVER
CAUTION: Be careful not to confuse original combination of piston, piston pin and cylinder.
4. Similarly remove piston pins from #3 and #4 pistons.
5. Remove bolts which connect cylinder block on the side of #2 and #4 cylinders.
6. Back off bolts which connect cylinder block on the side of #1 and #3 cylinders two or three turns.
2. CYLINDER BLOCK
1. Set up cylinder block so that #1 and #3 cylinders are on the upper side, then remove cylinder block connecting bolts.
2. Separate left-hand and right-hand cylinder blocks.
CAUTION: When separating cylinder block, do not allow the connecting rod to fall and damage the cylinder block.
3. Remove rear oil seal.
4. Remove crankshaft together with connecting rod.
5. Remove crankshaft bearings from cylinder block using hammer handle.
CAUTION: Do not confuse combination of crankshaft bearings. Press bearing at the end opposite to locking lip.
6. Draw out each piston from cylinder block using wooden bar or hammer handle.
CAUTION: Do not confuse combination of piston and cylinder.
3. CRANKSHAFT AND PISTON
1. Remove connecting rod cap.
2. Remove connecting rod bearing.
CAUTION: Arrange removed connecting rod, connecting rod cap and bearing in order to prevent confusion.
3. Remove piston rings using the piston ring expander.
4. Remove the oil ring by hand.
CAUTION: Arrange the removed piston rings in good order to prevent confusion.
5. Remove circlip.
C: INSPECTION
1. CYLINDER BLOCK
1. Visually check for cracks and damage. Especially, inspect important parts by means of red lead check.
2. Check the oil passages for clogging.
3. Inspect crankcase surface that mates with cylinder head for warping by using a straight edge and correct by grinding if necessary.
Warping limit: 0.05 mm (0.0020 inch)
Grinding limit. 0.1 mm (0.004 inch)
Standard height of cylinder block. 201.0 mm (7.91 inch)
2. CYLINDER AND PISTON
1. The cylinder bore size is stamped on the cylinder block's front upper surface.
CAUTION: Measurement should be performed at a temperature 20°C (68°F).
NOTE: Standard sized pistons are classified into two grades, "A" and "B". These grades should be used as a guide line in selecting a standard piston.
Standard diameter.
A: 99.505 - 99.515 mm (3.9175 - 3.9179 inch)
B: 99.495 - 99.505 mm (3.9171 - 3.9175 inch)
2. How to measure the inner diameter of each cylinder Measure the inner diameter of each cylinder in both the thrust and piston pin directions at the heights shown in the figure, using a cylinder bore gauge.
CAUTION: Measurement should be performed at a temperature 20°C (68°F).
Taper.
Standard 0.015 mm (0.0006 inch)
Limit 0.050 mm (0.0020 inch)
Out-of-roundness:
Standard 0.010 mm (0.0004 inch)
Limit 0.050 mm (0.0020 inch)
3. When piston is to be replaced due to general or cylinder wear, determine a suitable sized piston by measuring the piston clearance.
4. How to measure the outer diameter of each piston. Measure the outer diameter of each piston at the height shown in the figure. (Thrust direction)
CAUTION: Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).
Piston grade point H. 37 mm (1.46 inch)
Piston outer diameter.
Standard
A: 99.485 - 99.495 mm (3.9167 - 3.9171 inch)
B: 99.475 - 99.485 mm (3.9163 - 3.9167 inch)
0.25 mm (0.0098 inch) oversize 99.725 - 99.735 mm (3.9262 - 3.9266 inch)
0.50 mm (0.0197 inch) oversize 99.975 - 99.985 mm (3.9360 - 3.9364 inch)
5. Calculate the clearance between cylinder and piston.
CAUTION: Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).
Cylinder to piston clearance at 20°C (68°F):
Standard 0.010 - 0.030 mm (0.0004 - 0.0012 inch)
Limit 0.050 mm (0.0020 inch)
6. Boring and honing
1. If the value of taper, out-of-roundness, or cylinder-to-piston clearance measured exceeds the specified limit or if there is any damage on the cylinder wall, rebore it to use an oversize piston.
CAUTION: When any of the cylinders needs reboring, all other cylinders must be bored at the same time, and use oversize pistons. Do not perform boring on one cylinder only, nor use an oversize piston for one cylinder only.
2. If the cylinder inner diameter exceeds the limit after boring and honing, replace the crank case.
CAUTION: Immediately after reboring, the cylinder diameter may differ from its real diameter due to temperature rise. Thus, pay attention to this when measuring the cylinder diameter.
Limit of cylinder enlarging (boring): 0.5 mm (0.020 inch)
3. PISTON AND PISTON PIN
1. Check pistons and piston pins for damage, cracks, and wear and the piston ring grooves for wear and damage. Replace if defective.
2. Measure the piston-to-cylinder clearance at each cylinder. If any of the clearances is not to specification, replace the piston or bore the cylinder to use an oversize piston.
3. Make sure that piston pin can be inserted into the piston pin hole with a thumb at 20°C (68°F). Replace if defective.
Standard clearance between piston pin and hole in piston:
Standard 0.004 - 0.008 mm (0.0002 - 0.0003 inch)
Limit 0.020 mm (0.0008 inch)
4. Check circlip installation groove on the piston burr. If necessary, remove burr from the groove that piston pin can lightly move.
5. Check piston pin circlip for distortion, cracks and wear.
4. PISTON RING
1. If piston ring is broken, damaged, or worn, or if its tension is insufficient, or when the piston is replaced, replace piston ring with a new one of the same size as the piston.
CAUTION:
- "R" is marked on the end of the top and second rings. When installing the rings to the piston, face this mark upward.
- The oil ring is a combined ring consisting of two rails and a spacer in between. When installing, be careful to assemble correctly.
2. Squarely place piston ring and oil ring in cylinder, and measure the piston ring gap with a thickness gauge.
3. Measure the clearance between piston ring and piston ring groove with a thickness gauge.
CAUTION: Before measuring the clearance, clean the piston ring groove and piston ring.
5. CONNECTING ROD
1. Replace connecting rod, if the large or small end thrust surface is damaged.
2. Check for bend or twist using a connecting rod aligner. Replace connecting rod if the bend or twist exceeds the limit.
Limit of bend or twist per 100 mm (3.94 inch) in length: 0.10 mm (0.0039 inch)
3. Install connecting rod fitted with bearing to crankshaft and measure the side clearance (thrust clearance). Replace connecting rod if the side clearance exceeds the specified limit.
Connecting rod side clearance:
Standard 0.070 - 0.330 mm (0.0028 - 0.0130 inch)
Limit 0.4 mm (0.016 inch)
4. Inspect connecting rod bearing for scar, peeling, seizure, melting, wear, etc.
5. Measure the oil clearance on individual connecting rod bearings by means of plastigauge. If any oil clearance is not within specification, replace the defective bearing with a new one of standard size or undersized as necessary. (See the table.)
Connecting rod oil clearance:
Standard 0.020 - 0.046 mm (0.0008 - 0.0018 inch)
Limit 0.05 mm (0.0020 inch)
6. Inspect bushing at connecting rod small end, and replace if worn or damaged. Also measure the piston pin clearance at the connecting rod small end.
Clearance between piston pin and bushing:
Standard 0 - 0.022 mm (0 - 0.0009 inch)
Limit 0.030 mm (0.0012 inch)
7. Replacement procedure is as follows.
1. Remove bushing from connecting rod with ST and press.
2. Press bushing with ST after applying oil on the periphery of bushing.
ST 499037100 CONNECTING ROD BUSHING REMOVER AND INSTALLER
3. Make two 3 mm (0.12 inch) holes in bushing. Ream the inside of bushing.
4. After completion of reaming, clean bushing to remove chips.
6. CRANKSHAFT AND CRANKSHAFT BEARING
1. Clean crankshaft completely and check for cracks by means of red lead check etc., and replace if defective.
2. Measure the crankshaft bend, and correct or replace if it exceeds the limit.
CAUTION: If a suitable V-block is not available, install #1 and #5 crankshaft bearing on cylinder block, position crankshaft on these bearings and measure crankshaft bend using a dial gauge.
Crankshaft bend limit. 0.035 mm (0.0014 inch)
3. Inspect the crank journal and crank pin for wear. If not to specifications, replace bearing with an undersized one, and replace or recondition crankshaft as necessary. When grinding crank journal or crank pin, finish them to the specified dimensions according to the undersized bearing to be used.
Crank pin and crank journal.
Out-of-roundness 0.030 mm (0.0012 inch) or less
Taper limit 0.07 mm (0.0028 inch)
Grinding limit 0.250 mm (0.0098 inch)
4. Measure the thrust clearance of crankshaft at center bearing. If the clearance exceeds the limit, replace bearing.
Crankshaft thrust clearance:
Standard 0.030 - 0.115 mm (0.0012 - 0.0045 inch)
Limit 0.25 mm (0.0098 inch)
5. Inspect individual crankshaft bearings for signs of flaking, seizure, melting, and wear.
6. Measure the oil clearance on each crankshaft bearing by means of plastigauge. If the measurement is not within the specification, replace defective bearing with an undersized one, and replace or recondition crankshaft as necessary.
D: ASSEMBLY
1: CRANKSHAFT AND PISTON
1. Install connecting rod bearings on connecting rods and connecting rod caps.
CAUTION: Apply oil to the surfaces of the connecting rod bearings.
2. Install connecting rod on crankshaft.
CAUTION: Position each connecting rod with the side marked facing forward.
3. Install connecting rod cap with connecting rod nut. Ensure the arrow on connecting rod cap faces the front during installation.
CAUTION:
- Each connecting rod has its own mating cap. Make sure that they are assembled correctly by checking their matching number.
- When tightening the connecting rod nuts, apply oil on the threads.
4. Installation of piston rings and oil ring
1. Install oil ring spacer, upper rail and lower rail in this order by hand. Then install second ring and top ring with a piston ring expander.
2. Position the top ring gap at (A) or (B) in the figure.
3. Position the second ring gap at 1800 on the reverse side for the top ring gap.
4. Position the upper rail gap at (c) or (D) in the figure.
5. Position the expander gap at 180° of the reverse side for the upper rail gap.
6. Position the lower rail gap at (E) or (F) in the figure.
CAUTION:
- Ensure ring gaps do not face the same direction.
- Ensure ring gaps are not within the piston skirt area.
5. Install circlip. Install circlips in piston holes located opposite vice holes in cylinder block, when positioning pistons in the corresponding cylinders.
CAUTION: Use new circlips.
CAUTION: Piston front mark faces towards the front of the engine.
2. CYLINDER BLOCK
1. Install ST to cylinder block, then install crankshaft bearings.
ST 499817000 ENGINE STAND
CAUTION: Remove oil in the mating surface of bearing and cylinder block before installation. Also apply a coat of engine oil to crankshaft pins.
2. Position crankshaft on the #2 and #4 cylinder block.
3. Apply fluid packing to the mating surface of #1 and #3 cylinder block, and position it on #2 and #4 cylinder block.
Fluid packing. THREE BOND 1215 or equivalent
CAUTION: Do not allow fluid packing to jut into O-ring grooves, oil passages, bearing grooves, etc.
4. Temporarily tighten 10 mm cylinder block connecting bolts in alphabetical sequence shown in figure.
5. Tighten 10 mm cylinder block connecting bolts in alphabetical sequence.
Tightening torque: 47 ± 3 Nm (4.8 ± 0.3 kg-m, 34.7 ± 2.2 ft. lbs.)
6. Tighten 8 mm and 6 mm cylinder block connecting bolts in alphabetical sequence shown in figure.
Tightening torque:
(A) - (G): 25 ± 2 Nm (2.5 ± 0.2 kg-m, 18.1 ± 1.4 ft. lbs.)
(H): 6.4 Nm (0.65 kg-m, 4.7 ft. lbs.)
7. Install rear oil seal using ST1 and ST2.
ST1 499597100 OIL SEAL GUIDE
ST2 499587200 OIL SEAL INSTALLER
3. PISTON AND PISTON PIN (#1 AND #2)
1. Installing piston
1. Turn cylinder block so that #1 and #2 cylinders face upward.
2. Using ST1, turn crankshaft so that #1 and #2 connecting rods are set at bottom dead center.
ST1 499987500 CRANKSHAFT SOCKET
3. Apply a coat of engine oil to pistons and cylinders and insert pistons in their cylinders using ST2.
ST2 498747100PISTON GUIDE
2. Installing piston pin
1. Insert ST3 into service hole to align piston pin hole with connecting rod small end.
CAUTION: Apply a coat of engine oil to ST3 before insertion.
ST3 499017100 PISTON PIN GUIDE
2. Apply a coat of engine oil to piston pin and insert piston pin into piston and connecting rod through service hole.
3. Install circlip.
CAUTION: Use new circlips.
4. Apply fluid packing around the service hole plug.
Fluid packing: THREE BOND 1215 or equivalent
5. Install service hole plug and gasket.
CAUTION: Use a new gasket.
4. PISTON AND PISTON PIN (#3 AND #4)
Turn cylinder block so that #3 and #4 cylinders face upward. Using the same procedures as used for #1 and #2 cylinders, install pistons and piston pins.
E: INSTALLATION
1. OIL PUMP AND WATER PUMP
1. Install baffle plate.
2. Install oil strainer and O-ring
3. Install oil strainer stay.
4. Apply fluid packing to matching surfaces and install oil pan.
Fluid packing: THREE BOND 1215 or equivalent
5. Apply fluid packing to matching surfaces and install oil separator cover.
Fluid packing: THREE BOND 1215 or equivalent
6. Install flywheel or drive plate. To lock crankshaft, use ST
ST 498497100 CRANKSHAFT STOPPER
7. Install housing cover.
8. Installation of oil pump
1. Discard front oil seal after removal. Replace with a new one using ST.
ST 499587100 OIL SEAL INSTALLER
2. Apply fluid packing to matching surface of oil pump.
Fluid packing: THREE BOND 1215 or equivalent
3. Apply a coat of engine oil to the inside of the oil seal.
4. Install oil pump on cylinder block. Be careful not to damage oil seal during installation.
CAUTION:
- Do not forget to install O-ring and seal when installing oil pump.
- Align flat surface of oil pump's inner rotor with crankshaft before installation.
9. Install water pump and gasket.
CAUTION:
- Be sure to use a new gasket.
- When installing water pump, tighten bolts in two stages in alphabetical sequence as shown in figure.
10. Install water by-pass pipe for heater.
11. Install oil cooler (AT vehicles only).
12. Install oil filter using ST.
ST 498187300 OIL FILTER WRENCH
13. Install water by-pass pipe between oil cooler and water pump (AT vehicles only).
2. RELATED PARTS
1. Install cylinder head, valve rocker assembly and rocker cover.
2. Install timing belt and camshaft sprocket.
3. Install water pipe.
4. Install intake manifold.