Description of On-Board Diagnostics
DESCRIPTIONWhen troubleshooting OBD II vehicles, the only difference from the usual troubleshooting procedure is that you connect to the vehicle the OBD II scan tool complying with SAE J1978 or TOYOTA hand-held tester, and read off various data output from the vehicle's ECM.
OBD II regulations require that the vehicle's on-board computer lights up the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) on the instrument panel when the computer detects a malfunction in the computer itself or in drive system components which affect vehicle emissions. In addition to the MIL lighting up when a malfunction is detected, the applicable Diagnostic Trouble Codes prescribed by SAE J2012 are recorded in the ECM memory.
If the malfunction does not recur in 3 trips, the MIL goes off but the DTC remain recorded in the ECM memory.
To check the DTC, connect the OBD II scan tool or TOYOTA hand-held tester to Data Link Connector 3 (DLC3) on the vehicle. The OBD II scan tool or TOYOTA hand-held tester also enables you to erase the diagnostic trouble codes and check freeze frame data and various forms of engine data.
(For operating instructions, see the OBD II scan tool's instruction book.)
DTC include SAE controlled codes and Manufacturer controlled codes.
SAE controlled codes must be set as prescribed by the SAE, while Manufacturer controlled codes can be set freely by the manufacturer within the prescribed limits.
The diagnosis system operates in normal mode during normal vehicle use. It also has a check mode for technicians to simulate malfunction symptoms and troubleshoot. Most DTC use 2 trip detection logic* to prevent erroneous detection and ensure thorough malfunction detection By switching the ECM to check mode when troubleshooting, the technician can cause the MIL to light up for a malfunction that is only detected once or momentarily. (TOYOTA hand-held tester only)
* 2 trip detection logic
When a logic malfunction is first detected, the malfunction is temporarily stored in the ECM memory. If the same malfunction is detected again during the second drive test, this second detection causes the MIL to light up.
Freeze frame data:
Freeze frame data records the engine condition when a misfire (DTC P0300 - P0304) or fuel trim malfunction (DTC P0171, P0172), or other malfunction (first malfunction only), is detected.
Because freeze frame data records the engine conditions (fuel system, calculator load, engine coolant temperature, fuel trim, engine speed, vehicle speed, etc.) when the malfunction is detected, when troubleshooting it is useful for determining whether the vehicle was running or stopped, the engine warmed up or not, the air-fuel ratio lean or rich, etc. at the time of the malfunction.
Back-up function
If there is trouble with the program in the ECM and ignition signals (IGT) are not output from the microcomputer, the ECM controls fuel injection and ignition timing at predetermined levels as a back-up function to make it possible to continue to operate the vehicle.
Furthermore, the injection duration is calculated from the starting signal (STA) and the closed throttle position switch signal (IDL). Also, the ignition timing is fixed at the initial ignition timing, 5° BTDC, without relation to the engine speed.
HINT: If the engine is controlled by the back-up function, the MIL lights up to warn the driver of the malfunction but the DTC is not output.