Alignment: Service and Repair
INSPECTION1. Measure vehicle height.
Vehicle height:
2WD:
- Front: A-B 69.6 mm (2.740 inch).
- Rear: C-D 49.6 mm (1.953 inch).
4WD:
- Front: A-B 47.5 mm (1.870 inch).
- Rear: C-D 29.4 mm (1.157 inch).
Front:
Rear:
Measuring points:
- A: Ground clearance of spindle center
- B: Ground clearance of front adjusting cam bolt center
- C: Ground clearance of rear axle shaft center
- D: Ground clearance of lower control arm front bushing center
NOTICE: Before inspecting the wheel alignment, adjust the vehicle height to the specification.
If the vehicle height is not within the specification, try to adjust it by pushing down on or lifting the body.
2. Install the camber-caster-kingpin gauge or onto wheel alignment tester.
Follow the specific instructions of the equipment manufacturer.
3. Inspect the camber, caster and the steering axis inclination.
2WD:
Camber: -0°15' ± 45' (-0.25° ± 0.75°).
Left-Right Error: 30' (0.5°) or less.
Caster: 3°05' ± 45' (3.08° ± 0.75°).
Left-Right Error: 30' (0.5°) or less.
Steering Axis Inclination: 11°00' ± 45' (11° ± 0.75°).
Left-Right Error: 30' (0.5°) or less.
4WD:
Camber: 0°10' ± 45' (0.17° ± 0.75°).
Left-Right Error: 30' (0.5°) or less.
Caster: 2°25' ± 45' (2.42° ± 0.75°).
Left-Right Error: 30' (0.5°) or less.
Steering Axis Inclination: 10°35' ± 45' (10.58° ± 0.75°).
Left-Right Error: 30' (0.5°) or less.
If the steering axis inclination is not within the specification, after the camber and caster have correctly adjusted, recheck the steering knuckle front wheel for bearing or looseness.
Measuring Point Reference:
4. Inspect toe-in.
Toe-in (total):
A+B: 0°12' ± 12' (0.2° ± 0.2°).
C-D: 2 ± 2 mm (0.08 ± 0.08 inch).
If the toe-in is not within the specification, adjust the rack ends.
5. Adjust camber and caster.
NOTICE: After the camber has been adjusted, inspect the toe-in.
a. Loosen the front and/or rear adjusting cam nuts.
b. Adjust the camber and caster by front and/or rear adjusting cams (See adjustment chart).
HINT: Try to adjust the camber and caster to the center value.
c. Tighten the front and/or rear adjusting cam nuts.
Torque: 130 Nm (96 ft. lbs.).
6. Adjust the toe-in and wheel angle.
HINT: First, check or adjust the lengths of the tie rod ends, then adjust the toe-in.
Tie rod end length left-right error: 1.5 mm (0.059 inch) or less.
a. Remove the boot clamps.
b. Loosen the rack end lock nuts.
c. Turn the left and right rack ends an equal amount to adjust the toe-in.
HINT: Try to adjust the toe-in to the center value.
d. Tighten the rack end lock nuts.
Torque: 55 Nm (41 ft. lbs.).
e. Place the boot on the seat and clip it.
HINT: Make sure that the boots are not twisted.
7. Inspect the wheel angle.
Turn the steering wheel fully, and measure the turning angle.
2WD:
Inside Wheel: 35° (33°-36°).
Outside Wheel (Reference): 31°.
4WD:
Inside Wheel: 36° (34°-37°).
Outside Wheel (Reference): 32°.
NOTE: If wheel angle deviates from the specifications, readjust the toe-in and wheel angle within the specifications. At this time, the lengths of the tie rod end may be within less than 1.5 mm (0.059 inch).
8. How the to read adjustment chart.
a. Find the wheel alignment standard value applicable for the tire size.
b. Mark the selected standard value on the adjustment chart.
Example 2WD:
Camber -0°15' (-0.25°)
Caster 3°05' (3.08°).
c. Mark on the adjustment chart the alignment values measured at the vehicle height.
Example:
Camber 0°00' (0°).
Caster 2°15' (2.25°).
Adjustment Chart:
d. As shown in the illustration, read the distance from the standard value to the measured value, and adjust the front and/or rear adjusting cams accordingly.
Example:
Front cam -(Shorter) 1.5
Rear cam +(Longer) 3.9.