P0172
DTC P0171 System Too Lean (Bank 1)DTC P0172 System Too Rich (Bank 1)
DESCRIPTION
DTC Detection Condition:
The fuel trim is related to the feedback compensation value, not to the basic injection time. The fuel trim includes the short-term fuel trim and the long-term fuel trim.
The short-term fuel trim is the short-term fuel compensation used to maintain the air-fuel ratio at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. The signal from the A/F sensor indicates whether the air-fuel ratio is RICH or LEAN compared to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. This variance triggers a reduction in the fuel volume if the air-fuel ratio is RICH, and an increase in the fuel volume if it is LEAN.
The short-term fuel trim varies from the central value due to individual engine differences, wear over time and changes in the operating environment. The long-term fuel trim, which controls overall fuel compensation, steadies long-term deviations of the short-term fuel trim from the central value.
If both the short-term fuel trim and the long-term fuel trim are LEAN or RICH beyond a certain value, it is detected as a malfunction, the MIL is illuminated and a DTC is set.
HINT:
- When DTC P0171 is recorded, the actual air-fuel ratio is on the LEAN side. When DTC P0172 is recorded, the actual air-fuel ratio is on the RICH side.
- If the vehicle runs out of fuel, the air-fuel ratio is LEAN and DTC P0171 is recorded. The MIL then illuminates.
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
Monitor Strategy:
Typical Enabling Conditions:
Typical Malfunction Thresholds:
Under closed-loop fuel control, fuel injection amounts that deviate from the ECM's estimated fuel amount will cause a change in the long-term fuel trim compensation value. This long-term fuel trim is adjusted when there are persistent deviations in the short-term fuel trim values. And, the deviation from the simulated fuel injection amount by the ECM affects the smoothed fuel trim learning value. The smoothed fuel trim learning value is the combination of smoothed short term fuel trim (fuel feedback compensation value) and smoothed long-term fuel trim (learning value of the air-fuel ratio). When the smoothed fuel trim learning value exceeds the DTC threshold, the ECM interprets this as a fault in the fuel system and sets a DTC.
Example: The smoothed fuel trim learning value is more than +34% or less than -34%. The ECM interprets this as a failure in the fuel system.
HINT: intelligent tester only:
The malfunctioning area can be found by the ACTIVE TEST A/F CONTROL operation. The A/F CONTROL operation can determine if the A/F sensor, heated oxygen sensor or other suspected areas are malfunctioning or not.
1. Perform the ACTIVE TEST A/F CONTROL operation.
HINT: The A/F CONTROL operation lowers the injection volume by 12.5% or increases the injection volume by 25%.
a. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3 on the vehicle.
b. Turn the ignition switch ON.
c. Warm up the engine by running the engine at 2,500 rpm for approximately 90 seconds.
d. Enter the following menus: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / ACTIVE TEST / A/F CONTROL.
e. Perform the A/F CONTROL operation with the engine idling (press the right or left button).
Result: A/F sensor reacts in accordance with increase and decrease of injection volume:
+25% -> RICH output: Less than 3.0 V
-12.5% -> LEAN output: More than 3.35 V
Heated oxygen sensor reacts in accordance with increase and decrease of injection volume:
+25% -> RICH output: More than 0.55 V
-12.5% -> LEAN output: Less than 0.4 V
NOTE: The A/F sensor output has a few seconds of delay and the heated oxygen sensor output has about 20 seconds of delay at maximum.
- Following the A/F CONTROL procedure enables technicians to check and graph the voltage outputs of both the A/F and HO2 sensor.
- To display the graph, enter the following menus: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / ACTIVE TEST / A/F CONTROL / USER DATA / AFS B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS B2S1 and O2S B2S2, and press the YES button and then the ENTER button followed by the F4 button.
Wiring Diagram:
Step 1:
Step 1(Continued)-4:
Step 4(Continued)-7:
Step 8-9:
Step 9(Continued):
Step 9(Continued)-11:
Step 12-13:
Step 14-15:
Step 15(Continued)-20:
Step 21-22:
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
HINT:
- Read freeze frame data using the intelligent tester or the OBD II scan tool. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored.
When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can help determine if the vehicle was running or stopped, if the engine was warmed up or not, if the air-fuel ratio was lean or rich, and other data from the time the malfunction occurred.
- A high A/F sensor voltage could be caused by a RICH air fuel mixture. Check the conditions that might cause the engine to run with a RICH air fuel mixture.
- A low A/F sensor voltage could be caused by a LEAN air fuel mixture. Check the conditions that might cause the engine to run with a LEAN air fuel mixture.