P2196
2GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM: SFI SYSTEM: P2195-P2198: Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
DTC P2195 - Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
DTC P2196 - Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
DTC P2197 - Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
DTC P2198 - Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
DESCRIPTION
HINT:
- Although the DTC titles say oxygen sensor, these DTCs relate to the air fuel ratio sensor.
- Sensor 1 refers to the sensor mounted in front of the three-way catalytic converter and located near the engine assembly.
The air fuel ratio sensor generates a voltage* that corresponds to the actual air fuel ratio. This sensor voltage is used to provide the ECM with feedback so that it can control the air fuel ratio. The ECM determines the deviation from the stoichiometric air fuel ratio level, and regulates the fuel injection time. If the air fuel ratio sensor malfunctions, the ECM is unable to control the air fuel ratio accurately.
The air fuel ratio sensor is the planar type and is integrated with the heater, which heats the solid electrolyte (zirconia element). This heater is controlled by the ECM. When the intake air volume is low (the exhaust gas temperature is low), a current flows into the heater to heat the sensor, in order to facilitate accurate oxygen concentration detection. In addition, the sensor and heater portions are narrower than the conventional type. The heat generated by the heater is conducted to the solid electrolyte through the alumina, therefore the sensor activation is accelerated.
A three-way catalytic converter is used in order to convert the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxides (HOx) into less harmful substances. To allow the three-way catalytic converter to function effectively, it is necessary to keep the air fuel ratio of the engine near the stoichiometric air fuel ratio.
*: Value changes inside the ECM. Since the air fuel ratio sensor is the current output element, a current is converted to a voltage inside the ECM. Any measurements taken at the air fuel ratio sensor or ECM connectors will show a constant voltage.
HINT:
- DTCs P2195 and P2196 indicate malfunctions related to the bank 1 air fuel ratio sensor circuit.
- DTCs P2197 and P2198 indicate malfunctions related to the bank 2 air fuel ratio sensor circuit.
- Bank 1 refers to the bank that includes cylinder No. 1.
- Bank 2 refers to the bank that includes cylinder No. 2.
- When any of these DTCs are set, check the air fuel ratio sensor voltage output by selecting the following menu items on the Techstream: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / A/F Control System / AFS Voltage B1 S1 or AFS Voltage B2 S1.
- Short-term fuel trim values can also be read using the Techstream.
- The ECM regulates the voltages at the A1A+, A2A+, A1A- and A2A- terminals of the ECM to a constant level. Therefore, the air fuel ratio sensor voltage output cannot be confirmed without using the Techstream.
- If an air fuel ratio sensor malfunction is detected, the ECM sets a DTC.
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
Sensor voltage detection monitor
- Under the air fuel ratio feedback control, if the air fuel ratio sensor voltage output indicates rich or lean for a certain period of time, the ECM determines that there is a malfunction in the air fuel ratio sensor. The ECM illuminates the MIL and sets a DTC.
Example:
- If the air fuel ratio sensor voltage output is less than 2.8 V (very rich condition) for 10 seconds, despite the heated oxygen sensor voltage output being less than 0.6 V, the ECM sets DTC P2196. Alternatively, if the air fuel ratio sensor voltage output is more than 3.8 V (very lean condition) for 10 seconds, despite the heated oxygen sensor voltage output being 0.15 V or more, DTC P2195 is set.
Sensor current detection monitor
- A rich air fuel mixture causes a low air fuel ratio sensor current, and a lean air fuel mixture causes a high air fuel ratio sensor current. Therefore, the sensor output becomes low during acceleration, and it becomes high during deceleration with the throttle valve fully closed. The ECM monitors the air fuel ratio sensor current during fuel-cut and detects any abnormal current values.
- If the air fuel ratio sensor output is 3.6 mA or more for more than 3 seconds of cumulative time, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the air fuel ratio sensor and sets DTC P2195 (high-side stuck). If the air fuel ratio sensor output is 1.0 mA or less for more than 3 seconds of cumulative time, the ECM sets DTC P2196 (low-side stuck).
MONITOR STRATEGY
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
All:
Sensor voltage detection monitor (Lean side malfunction P2195, P2197):
Sensor voltage detection monitor (Rich side malfunction P2196, P2198):
Sensor Current detection monitor P2195, P2196, P2197, P2198
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
Sensor voltage detection monitor (Lean side malfunction P2195, P2197):
Sensor voltage detection monitor (Rich side malfunction P2196, P2198):
Sensor current detection monitor (High side malfunction P2195, P2197):
Sensor current detection monitor (Rich side malfunction P2196, P2198):
MONITOR RESULT
Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS Mode 6 Data.
WIRING DIAGRAM
CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
This confirmation driving pattern is used in steps 4, 7, 17, and 21 of the following diagnostic troubleshooting procedure when using the Techstream.
1. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
2. Turn the ignition switch on (IG).
3. Turn the tester on.
4. Clear the DTCs DTC Check / Clear.
5. Start the engine, and warm it up until the ECT reaches 70°C (158°F) or higher (Procedure "A").
6. Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Idle Fuel Cut.
7. Drive the vehicle at between 38 mph (61 km/h) and 75 mph (120 km/h) for at least 10 minutes (Procedure "B").
8. Change the transmission to the 2nd gear (Procedure "C").
9. Drive the vehicle at a proper vehicle speed to perform fuel-cut operation (refer to the following HINT) (Procedure "D").
HINT: Fuel-cut is performed when the following conditions are met:
- Accelerator pedal is fully released.
- Engine speed is 2500 rpm or more (fuel injection resumes at 1000 rpm).
10. Accelerate the vehicle to 40 mph (64 km/h) or more by depressing the accelerator pedal for at least 10 seconds (Procedure "E").
11. Soon after performing procedure "J", release the accelerator pedal for at least 4 seconds without depressing the brake pedal, in order to execute fuel-cut control (Procedure "F").
12. Allow the vehicle to decelerate until the vehicle speed declines to less than 6 mph (10 km/h).
13. Repeat procedures from "H" through "K" at least 3 times per driving cycle.
HINT: Completion of all air fuel ratio sensor monitors is required to change the value in TEST RESULT.
CAUTION: Strictly observe posted speed limits, traffic laws, and road conditions when performing these driving patterns.
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
HINT: Malfunctioning areas can be identified by performing the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor function provided in the Active Test. The Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor function can help to determine whether the air fuel ratio sensor, heated oxygen sensor and other potential trouble areas are malfunctioning.
- The following instructions describe how to conduct the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor operation using the Techstream.
1. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
2. Start the engine and turn the tester on.
3. Warm up the engine at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for approximately 90 seconds.
4. Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor.
5. Perform the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor operation with the engine in an idling condition (press the RIGHT or LEFT button to change the fuel injection volume).
6. Monitor the voltage outputs of the air fuel ratio and heated oxygen sensors (AFS B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS Voltage B2S1 and O2S B2S2) displayed on the tester.
HINT:
- The Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor operation lowers the fuel injection volume by 12.5% or increases the injection volume by 25%.
- Each sensor reacts in accordance with increases and decreases in the fuel injection volume.
Standard voltage:
NOTE: The air fuel ratio sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the heated oxygen sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
PROCEDURE
1. CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO P2195, P2196, P2197 OR P2198)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch on (IG).
(c) Turn the tester on.
(d) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes.
(e) Read the DTCs.
Result:
HINT: If any DTCs other than P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.
B -- GO TO DTC CHART
A -- Continue to next step.
2. READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (TEST VALUE OF AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch on (IG) and turn the tester on.
(c) Clear the DTCs DTC Check / Clear.
(d) Allow the vehicle to drive in accordance with the driving pattern described in the CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN.
(e) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Monitor / O2 Sensor.
(f) Check that the status of O2 Sensor is Complete.
If the status is still Incomplete, drive the vehicle according to the driving pattern again.
(g) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Monitor / O2 Sensor / Details / RANGE B1S1.
(h) Check the test value of the air fuel ratio sensor output current during fuel-cut.
Result:
B -- PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
A -- Continue to next step.
3. READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Start the engine.
(c) Turn the tester on.
(d) Warm up the air fuel ratio sensor at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for 90 seconds.
(e) Select the following menu items on the tester: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / A/F Control System / AFS Voltage B1 S1 or AFS Voltage B2 S1 and Engine Speed.
(f) Check the air fuel ratio sensor voltage 3 times, when the engine is in each of the following conditions:
(1) While idling (check for at least 30 seconds) (Step (1))
(2) At an engine speed of approximately 2500 rpm (without any sudden changes in engine speed) (Step (2))
(3) Raise the engine speed to 4000 rpm and then quickly release the accelerator pedal so that the throttle valve is fully closed (Step (3)).
Standard voltage:
HINT: For more information, see the diagrams below.
HINT:
- If the output voltage of the air fuel ratio sensor remains at approximately 3.3 V (see Malfunction Condition diagram) under any conditions, the air fuel ratio sensor may have an open circuit. (This will also happen if the air fuel ratio sensor heater has an open circuit.)
- If the output voltage of the air fuel ratio sensor remains at either approximately 3.8 V or more, or 2.8 V or less (see Malfunction Condition diagram) under any conditions, the air fuel ratio sensor may have a short circuit.
- The ECM stops fuel injection (fuel cut) during engine deceleration. This causes a lean condition and results in a momentary increase in the air fuel ratio sensor output voltage.
- The ECM must establish a closed throttle valve position learning value to perform fuel cut. If the battery terminal has been reconnected, the vehicle must be driven over 10 mph (16 km/h) to allow the ECM to learn the closed throttle valve position.
- When the vehicle is driven:
The output voltage of the air fuel ratio sensor may be below 2.8 V during fuel enrichment. For the vehicle, this translates to a sudden increase in speed with the accelerator pedal fully depressed when trying to overtake another vehicle. The air fuel ratio sensor is functioning normally.
- The air fuel ratio sensor is a current output element; therefore, the current is converted into a voltage inside the ECM. Measuring the voltage at the connectors of the air fuel ratio sensor or ECM will show a constant voltage result.
NG -- INSPECT AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (HEATER RESISTANCE)
OK -- Continue to next step.
4. PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
5. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P2195, P2196, P2197 OR P2198)
(a) Read DTCs using the Techstream.
(b) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Code / Pending.
Result:
B -- CONFIRM WHETHER VEHICLE HAS RUN OUT OF FUEL IN PAST
A -- Continue to next step.
6. REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
(a) Replace the air fuel ratio sensor Components.
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
7. PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
8. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P2195, P2196, P2197 OR P2198)
(a) Read the DTCs using the Techstream.
(b) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Code / Pending.
Result:
B -- REPLACE ECM
A -- END
9. CONFIRM WHETHER VEHICLE HAS RUN OUT OF FUEL IN PAST
(a) Has the vehicle run out of fuel in the past?
NO -- CHECK FOR INTERMITTENT PROBLEMS
YES -- DTC CAUSED BY RUNNING OUT OF FUEL
10. INSPECT AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (HEATER RESISTANCE)
(a) Disconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
(b) Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
Standard resistance:
Bank 1
Bank 2
(c) Reconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
NG -- REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
OK -- Continue to next step.
11. CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR - ECM)
(a) Disconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
(b) Disconnect the ECM connector.
(c) Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
Standard resistance (Check for open):
Bank 1
Bank 2
Standard resistance (Check for short):
Bank 1
Bank 2
(d) Reconnect the ECM connector.
(e) Reconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR (AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR - ECM)
OK -- Continue to next step.
12. CHECK INTAKE SYSTEM
(a) Check the intake system for vacuum leakage.
OK:
No leakage from intake system.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE INTAKE SYSTEM
OK -- Continue to next step.
13. CHECK FUEL PRESSURE (HIGH PRESSURE SIDE AND LOW PRESSURE SIDE)
(a) Check the fuel pressure Testing and Inspection.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM
OK -- Continue to next step.
14. INSPECT FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY
(a) Check the injector injection (whether fuel volume is high or low, and whether injection pattern is poor) Testing and Inspection.
NG -- REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY
OK -- Continue to next step.
15. REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
(a) Replace the air fuel ratio sensor Components.
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
16. PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
17. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P2195, P2196, P2197 OR P2198)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes / Pending.
Result:
B -- REPLACE ECM AND PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
A -- END
18. REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
(a) Replace the air fuel ratio sensor Components.
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
19. PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
20. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P2195, P2196, P2197 OR P2198)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch on (IG) and turn the tester on.
(c) Read the DTCs using the Techstream.
(d) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes / Pending.
Result:
B -- REPLACE ECM
A -- END